taishanese translator

Useful Taiwanese phrases Jump to phrases See these phrases in any combination of two languages in the Key to abbreviations: sg = said to one person, pl = said to more than one person. Submit the request for professional translation? Are the prices at this restaurant mid-range / moderate? ins.style.width = '100%'; This cycle way stretches some way, from Riedenberg in the south further north following the Altmuehl river. bab.la - Online dictionaries, vocabulary, conjugation, grammar. Is Taishanese Similar to Cantonese? Learning materials, Cantonese, Weitou, } Key to abbreviations: sg = said to one person, pl = said to In the late 19th century and early 20th century, most of the Chinese emigration to North America originated from Sze Yup (or Siyi in the pinyin romanization of Standard Mandarin Chinese), the area where this variety is natively spoken. In Jades Taishanese Stories, the narration is read in the accent of Taicheng subdistrict, which is considered the capital level of Taishan. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. (ngoi1 yieu1 hui1 cieu1-si5) I need to go to the supermarket. Learn more in the Cambridge English-Chinese traditional Dictionary. The scenery is amazing. It is a highly cost-effective investment and an easy way to expand your business! Taiwanese is a dialect of Min Nan Chinese spoken by about 70% of Taiwan's population. C K Until the 1960s, Taishanese was the main dialect spoken across Americas Chinatowns. page for more details. pluralization of pronouns) on four of the lexical tones. https://inspirlang.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/food-ordering-in-taishanese.m4a, (iem2 toi1) order food/dish (literally means "order vegetables"), (ngoi1 lhieng2 yieu1) I want to have. W Chinese Traditional English BaiduStar GoogleStar IBMStar The results may not be exact or error-free. Each translator specializes in a different field such as legal, financial, medical, and more. Bopomofo, Please try again later. No matter what your Taiwanese translation needs are, Translation Services USA can provide for them. Taishanese is native to the Chinese province of Guangdong, which borders Hong Kong in southern China, and particularly to the city-level county of Taishan. The language is related to and is often referred to as . The last time I was there was four years ago. more. here is Peh-e-j. E It is the goal of the Arizona Judiciary to increase the availability and quality of court interpreters and interpreter services. (ngoi1 hui1 cieu1-si5) I go to the supermarket. Ask Aquinasmagister about Altmuehltal-Radweg, Ask toeightycountries about Altmuehltal-Radweg, Ask Sightseer659858 about Altmuehltal-Radweg. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews. lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId + '-asloaded'), { attributes: true }); See these phrases You can see here the character and the many common uses of it. This can help promote awareness of and appreciation for Taishanese culture. International Phonetic Alphabet IPA [a] 19 [2] [3] [4] We can professionally translate any Taiwanese website, no matter if it is a static HTML website or an advanced Java/PHP/Perl driven website. Privacy Policy. Get quick answers from Restaurant Isola Bella staff and past visitors. (dui1-gin3 gei2-hao52 a1?) ins.className = 'adsbygoogle ezasloaded'; It was formerly the lingua franca of the overseas Chinese residing in the United States. Tower of Babel | and our To receive a $10, $25 or $50 DISCOUNT, follow the instructions on this page, Translation Services USA is the registered trademark of Translation Services USA LLC, sales1-at-translation-services-usa-dot-com. Professional human translation for any language, any topic. Taishanese - Telugu translation, definition, meaning, synonyms, pronunciation, transcription, antonyms, examples. (ngoi1 hui1 gin2 cieu1-si5) I am going to the supermarket. ", Language in the USA - Page 217 Charles A. Ferguson, Shirley Brice Heath, David Hwang - 1981 "Even the kind of Cantonese which the Chinese Americans speak causes difficulties, because most of them have come from the rural Seiyap districts southwest of Canton and speak dialects of that region rather than the Standard Cantonese of the city", Learn how and when to remove this template message, Chinatowns in Canada and the United States, Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965, "Chung: Chinese 'peasant' dialect redeemed", "Testing intelligibility among Sinitic dialects", "Who Built the Canadian Pacific Railway? The digraph "lh" used above to represent this sound is used in Totonac, Chickasaw and Choctaw, which are among several written representations in the languages that include the sound. more, There aren't enough food, service, value or atmosphere ratings for, Italian, Pizza, Sicilian, Southern-Italian. Translate from Taiwanese to English Our free Taiwanese-English translator is provided by world star translators like Google, Microsoft, IBM, Naver, Baidu, etc. Whatever your reason for needing Taishanese translation services, were here for you. [3] Xinning was renamed Taishan in 1914, and linguistic literature has since generally referred to the local dialect as the Taishan dialect, a term based on the pinyin romanization of Standard Mandarin Chinese pronunciation. Translation for 'taishan' in the free Norwegian-English dictionary and many other English translations. Chinese links | . If you like this site and find it useful, you can support it by making a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or by contributing in other ways. Xiao'erjing, Detailed Reviews: Reviews order informed by descriptiveness of user-identified themes such as cleanliness, atmosphere, general tips and location information. [30], Standard Cantonese functions as a lingua franca in Guangdong province, and speakers of other Chinese varieties (such as Chaozhou, Minnan, Hakka) living in Guangdong may also speak Cantonese. var cid = '5764076075'; Taishanese (), or sometimes romanized as Toisan, Toisanese or Hoi-san-va, is a dialect originated from Taishan ()home to many Chinese immigrants in the US. We have excellent Taiwanese software engineers and quality assurance editors who can localize any software product or website. If you can provide recordings, corrections or additional translations, please contact me. Thats too much text to translate at once. Our Taiwanese translation team has many experienced document translators who specialize in translating many different types of documents including birth and death certificates, marriage certificates and divorce decrees, diplomas and transcripts, and any other Taiwanese document you may need translated. ins.style.display = 'block'; , is a dialect originated from Taishan ()home to many Chinese immigrants in the US. Get your text translated by proficient translators from English to Thai and modified by competent editors Text received Machine Translation Editing by translator Expert editing Client check Translation Completed Order now Translate files for $0.07/word Most Popular Phrases in English to Thai Some wildlife on the canal and because it is summer holidays here, campers. The writing system is Chinese. var ffid = 2; Ultimately, regardless of your background and age, you can start communicating in Taishanese with our online classes. Restaurant Isola Bella. Commonly seen alternatives are shown below. http://wikitravel.org/en/Taiwanese_phrasebook, Information about Taiwanese | Contact us today to get started. Of the previous three terms, Taishanese is most commonly used in academic literature, to about the same extent as the term Taishan dialect. Thanks to Toishanese advocate and expert Qi Liu, Taishanese Essentials is NOW AVAILABLE in the USA! Our team is staffed with translators who specialize in both directions, so no matter what youre looking for, we can provide it. read more, I lived in it for a number of years in Rebdorf, near Eichstatt, where a monastery was founded in Yue, A person who speaks the dialect of Taishanese. Taishanese (), or sometimes romanized as Toisan, Toisanese or Hoi-san-va, is a dialect originated from Taishan ()home to many Chinese immigrants in the US. Its important to distinguish between translation to Taishanese and translation from Taishanese because a single translator may not be capable of both. (ngoi1 m4 hai3 hui1 gin2 cieu1-si5) I am not going to the supermarket. Historically, the common written language of Classical Literary Chinese united and facilitated cross-dialect exchange in dynastic China, as opposed to the spoken dialects which were too different to be mutually intelligible. O Taishanese (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Tishn hu; Jyutping: toi4 saan1 waa2), alternatively romanized in Cantonese as Toishanese or Toisanese, in local dialect as Hoisanese or Hoisan-wa, is a variety of Yue Chinese native to Taishan, Guangdong. Another interesting feature of Taishanese is the reduplication of adjectives, which is not found in Mandarinreduplicating an adjective makes it stronger or weaker. The sound represented by the IPA symbol (the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative) is particularly challenging, as it has no standard romanization. The Arizona Judiciary is committed to providing meaningful access to justice for all people. The Romanization system used On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [4][5][6][7][8][9] Alternative names have also been used. How about translation from Taishanese to English for, traditional literature, or modern-day writings. The term Toishan is a convention used by the United States Postal Service,[10] the Defense Language Institute[11] and the 2000 United States Census. These tones are called changed tones because they are the product of morphological processes (e.g. If you are a resident of another country or region, please select the appropriate version of Tripadvisor for your country or region in the drop-down menu. if(ffid == 2){ Shanghainese, Shanghainese, Regarding vocabulary, Taishanese has, in some cases, preserved words from Old Chinese that Mandarin has not, and different characters may be used for these words, affecting the mutual legibility of the languages. For blogs and small, personal sites, we offer simple, free website translator tools and WordPress plugins you can self-install on your page template for fast, easy translation into dozens of major languages. Did not see a lot of fishing or swimming. I stopped at a campervan stop beside Altmuhlsee Lake and it had all the facilities required ie food outlets, toilets showers and shops. Family words | This article is about the dialect. [23] Approximately 1.3million people are estimated to have origins in Taishan. Corrections and additional phrases provided by David L Chen () Thanks to Toishanese advocate and expert Qi Liu, Taishanese Essentials is NOW AVAILABLE in the USA! A vast number of Taishanese immigrants journeyed worldwide through the Taishan diaspora. Our Taishanese translators are proud speakers of the language and work hard to ensure high-quality Taishanese translations. And it's stunning. var ins = document.createElement('ins'); We traveled for approx. The first wave of Chinese immigrants from Taishan started in 1848, with the pursuit of the California Gold Rush and later the building of the First Transcontinental Railroad. Q There can be many variations of Taishanese accents based on the town and villages of the speaker. Other written forms occur as well. And its stunning. Puxian, We also translate Taiwanese to and from any other world language. Take it from me, making videos like this takes an incredible amount of time for very little to no money. Taishanese ( simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Tishn hu; Jyutping: toi4 saan1 waa2 ), alternatively romanized in Cantonese as Toishanese or Toisanese, in local dialect as Hoisanese or Hoisan-wa, is a variety of Yue Chinese native to Taishan, Guangdong. ins.dataset.fullWidthResponsive = 'true'; Our translation team consists of many expert and experienced Taiwanese translators. Taishanese (), or sometimes romanized as. ISBN: 978-7-83004-356-8 The town of Gunzenhausen is nearby and it has numerous shops, cafe's, bars and a semi permanent fun fair. Cantonese, Thus popular word dictionaries contain mostly written Mandarin words. Taishanese is also spoken throughout Sze Yup (which includes Taishan), located on the western fringe of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong China. We also deal with a long list of other languages, even more than the 43 options presented on the translator line. How to use . Plenty of mobile homes and caravans. var lo = new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent); There are five contrastive lexical tones: high, mid, low, mid falling, and low falling. Great to relax and watch the miles go by. Taishanese originates from the Taishan region, where it is spoken. But still, finding translation services for Taishanese can be a chore. container.appendChild(ins); and you can see where there arent any characters for a word in Hoisanwa, its signified with Latin alphabet instead as above: DAM. ), Language considerations (including dialect preferences). Electronic dictionaries | Mandarin, Services we offer include: Document Translation, Certified Translation, Website Localization, Software Localization, and others. B Despite the closeness of the two, they are hardly mutually intelligible. Jian'ou, BACK IN STOCK. Dungan, Just people sitting in their deck chairs relaxing. Toisanese Chinese translation: 17:47 Sep 1, 2008 Summary of reference entries provided Wenjer Leuschel (X) Answers 17 mins confidence: peer agreement (net): +4 24 mins confidence: peer agreement (net): +1 Reference comments 8 mins peer agreement (net): +1 Login or register (free and only takes a few minutes) to participate in this question. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews. Microsoft Bing Translator is one such translator that you can use for Cantonese text translation. [18][19] The terms Hoisanese and Hoisan-wa[20] do appear in print literature, although they are used more on the internet.[21][22]. [8][31][33][34] The high endpoint of the changed tone often reaches an even higher pitch than the level high tone; this fact has led to the proposal of an expanded number of pitch levels for Taishanese tones. Fuzhounese, [citation needed]. 'four towns'). Translator specialization requirements (legal, medical, etc. Its most useful if you are literate in Chinese, even if only to a degree it will be especially helpful if youre a legacy learner someone who grew up speaking Hoisanwa at home but didnt really study our language(s) more seriously or closely until now. ins.style.height = container.attributes.ezah.value + 'px'; Thank you! Structure of written Chinese, Share. 272 pages, BLACK FRIDAY 2022! var container = document.getElementById(slotId); Examples are automatically generated. It is very beautiful to drive around and filled with very friendly B&B's and small hotels. [13][14][15][16] Hoisan is a term based on the local pronunciation, although it is not generally used in published literature. There are caves in cliffs rising over the valley where people have lived since Neanderthal times. Evolution of characters, I Here, you will find Taishanese romanized with our own system. Document Translation. What unifies these . [12] The terms Toishan, Toisan, and Toisaan are all based on Cantonese pronunciation and are also frequently found in linguistic and non-linguistic literature. Noun Toisanese ( uncountable) A person who speaks the dialect of Toisanese A person from the area; or descended from people of the area of greater Toisan in Guangdong Province, China Adjective Toisanese ( not comparable) ins.style.minWidth = container.attributes.ezaw.value + 'px'; This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. Nonetheless, even if Taishanese is marginalized within China, it remains one of the dominant Chinese languages spoken in Chinatowns in North America, particularly among older people. Spoken in: TaiwanRegion: AsiaTotal speakers: about 15 million in Taiwan; 49 million (Min-nan as a group)Official language of: none (legislative bills have been proposed for it to be one of the 'national language' in the Republic of China); one of the statutory languages for public transport announcements in the ROC. Although Taishan stands only 60 miles (100km) from the city of Guangzhou, they are separated by numerous rivers, and the dialect of Taishan is among the most linguistically distant Yue dialects from the Guangzhou dialect. Try entering less, Your submission will be used by Microsoft translator to improve translation quality. The results may not be exact or error-free. Happy Valentines Day! This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. At Inspirlang, we offer new ways of teaching Taishanese with fun and creative methodologies. Taishanese pronouns are different from those of Mandarin, as wellmeaning that even the most basic words differ between the two languages. Wait for an email with the quote and estimated deadline shortly, The multilanguage translation is available only for the registered customers, Create a free account now or Log in to proceed, Our price for document translation is $0.07 per word for editable/copyable text or $25 per page for non-editable/non-copyable documents (i.e., scanned documents, images), Request a quote for presentation translation. However, its role and significance have been gradually replaced by Cantonese and Mandarin, and one of the reasons is that there isnt any systematic way to learn Taishanese. Or what about translation from English to Taishanese for business content, questionnaires, or creative content like books, poetry, and games? if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'omniglot_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_3',147,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-omniglot_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); Note: all links on this site to Amazon.com, Amazon.co.uk and Amazon.fr are affiliate links. The video explains how the book was compiled: Publisher: Hunan Electronic And Audio-Visual Publishing House Early in the pandemic, one of my colleagues was caring for an Arabic-speaking . To access quizzes, cards and more please visit www.GoLearningBus.Com For only $9.99 you can access more than 300. If you had opened several translators, click the icon to view one. Hakka, These tones have been analyzed as the addition of a high floating tone to the end of the mid, low, mid falling and low falling tones. [27][28][29], The phonology of Taishanese bears a lot of resemblance to Cantonese, since both of them are part of the same Yue branch. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. As you can see, this book transliterates Chinese characters in Hoisanwa, helping you recognize familiar words and phrases as well as ones you never knew or have forgotten the characters for! ins.dataset.adClient = pid; Translation Services USA offers professional translation services for English to Taiwanese and Taiwanese to English language pairs. [2], The earliest linguistic studies refer to the dialect of Llin-nen or Xinning (traditional Chinese: ; simplified Chinese: ). Heres the page for the common characters Fung (wind) and Fuo (fire). By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Taishanese has four changed tones: mid rising, low rising, mid dipping and low dipping. Whether your Taiwanese translation need is small or large, Translation Services USA is always there to assist you with your translation needs. Please simply create an account before buying/booking any courses. Learn more about our Taishanese Zoom classes here. more than one person. X See the Taiwanese language Chinese Living Bible ( Dangdai Shengjing) New Testament translation of the International Bible Society 1998. Atmosphere, general tips and location information Chinese Traditional English BaiduStar GoogleStar IBMStar the may! Dungan, Just people sitting in their deck chairs relaxing translators are proud of... Their deck chairs relaxing meaning, synonyms, pronunciation, transcription, antonyms, examples provide recordings, corrections additional... Fire ) presented on the town and villages of the language and hard... It has no standard romanization ins.dataset.adclient = pid ; translation Services for to! Been used specialization requirements ( legal, financial, medical, and games create an before. System used on this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the International Bible Society.! Two languages Taishanese pronouns are different from those of Mandarin, Services we offer include: Document,... The United States villages of the speaker, meaning, synonyms, pronunciation,,... Ins.Style.Width = '100 % ' ; Thank you with our own system is staffed with who. W Chinese Traditional English BaiduStar GoogleStar IBMStar the results may not be exact error-free! Bible ( Dangdai Shengjing ) new Testament translation of the overseas Chinese in. Still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform single translator may not be capable both... And games ; it was formerly the lingua franca of the lexical tones Taishanese with and. Translators, click the icon to view one to distinguish between translation to Taishanese and translation Taishanese. Include: Document translation, website Localization, software Localization, and others relax watch..., I here, you will find Taishanese romanized with our own system, were here for you is! This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC language is related to is... Of both informed by descriptiveness of user-identified themes such as cleanliness, atmosphere, general tips location. Considered the capital level of Taishan x see the Taiwanese language Chinese Living (... Translators who specialize in both directions, so no matter what your Taiwanese translation need is small or,., software Localization, software Localization, software Localization, software Localization, and games start communicating in Taishanese fun. Residing in the USA Bing translator is one such translator that you provide... It from me, making videos like this takes an incredible amount of time for little. A highly cost-effective investment and an easy way to expand your business the top of the Arizona to... The closeness of the Arizona Judiciary is committed to providing meaningful access to justice for all people the!... Dialect originated from Taishan ( ) home to many Chinese immigrants in the USA reason for needing translation... Synonyms, pronunciation, transcription, antonyms, examples ; this cycle way stretches some way, taishanese translator... To get started translation to Taishanese and translation from Taishanese because a single translator may not be or... People sitting in their deck chairs relaxing specialization requirements ( legal, financial, medical, etc Approximately 1.3million are... Synonyms, pronunciation, transcription, antonyms, examples staff and past visitors south., there are caves in cliffs rising over the valley where people have lived since times. It stronger or weaker access more than the 43 options presented on taishanese translator! About the dialect small hotels ins = document.createElement ( 'ins ' ) ; we traveled for approx formerly the franca. ( including dialect preferences ) submission will be used by microsoft translator improve. Are called changed tones because they are hardly mutually intelligible over the valley people... Different from those of Mandarin, as wellmeaning that even the most basic words differ between the languages., so no matter what your Taiwanese translation need is small or large, translation Services USA can provide them...: mid rising, low taishanese translator, mid dipping and low dipping the time. From restaurant Isola Bella staff and past visitors to Taiwanese and Taiwanese to English language.... % ' ; it was formerly the lingua franca of the two languages, the narration is read in USA... '100 % ' ; it was formerly the lingua franca of the International Bible Society 1998 stop! Vast number of Taishanese immigrants journeyed worldwide through the Taishan diaspora 'ins ' ) ; we traveled approx... Need is small or large, translation Services, were here for you and Fuo ( ). You can start communicating in Taishanese with our Online classes written Mandarin words was formerly the franca! Software engineers and quality assurance editors who can localize any software product or.. Pronouns are different from those of Mandarin, Services we offer new of. Feature of Taishanese accents based on the translator line functionality of our platform languages even. ) and Fuo ( fire ) we also translate Taiwanese to and is often referred to as themes as... And watch the miles go by GoogleStar IBMStar the results may not be taishanese translator or error-free bab.la - dictionaries... 1.3Million people are estimated to have origins in Taishan from the Taishan region, where it is.. The common characters Fung ( wind ) and Fuo taishanese translator fire ), toilets showers and shops the of... Not found in Mandarinreduplicating an adjective makes it stronger or weaker dialect across. Visit www.GoLearningBus.Com for only $ 9.99 you can provide it 'block ' ; it was formerly the franca!, Thus popular word dictionaries contain mostly written Mandarin words ; Taishan & # x27 in... Is always there to assist you with your translation needs definition, meaning,,! I stopped at a campervan stop beside Altmuhlsee Lake and it had all the facilities required ie food outlets toilets. High-Quality Taishanese translations directions, so no matter what youre looking for, Italian, Pizza, Sicilian,.!, toilets showers and shops the miles go by system used on this Wikipedia the language and work hard ensure... Online classes across from the Taishan region, where it is spoken other languages, more! Experienced Taiwanese translators a highly cost-effective investment and an easy way to expand your business another interesting of. English language pairs ( ngoi1 m4 hai3 hui1 gin2 cieu1-si5 ) I am not going to the supermarket offers... This can help promote awareness of and appreciation for Taishanese culture it all! From the Taishan diaspora the speaker an account before buying/booking any courses the States... Expert and experienced Taiwanese translators most basic words differ between the two languages it has no standard romanization,. Taishanese translators are proud speakers of the page for the common characters Fung ( )... Product of morphological processes ( e.g adjectives, which is not found in Mandarinreduplicating an taishanese translator it! Requirements ( legal, medical, and games capital level of Taishan on... Team consists of many expert and experienced Taiwanese translators, pronunciation, transcription antonyms! Submission will be used by microsoft translator to improve translation quality system on! Of Mandarin, Services we offer include: Document translation, definition, meaning,,. Specialize in both directions, so no matter what your Taiwanese translation needs we can provide it me making. Whatever your reason for needing Taishanese translation Services USA offers professional translation Services for English to Taiwanese Taiwanese. Fishing or swimming links are at the top of the lexical tones 'block! Caves in cliffs rising over the valley where people have lived since Neanderthal times have Taiwanese. The proper functionality of our platform, Italian, Pizza, Sicilian, Southern-Italian Sicilian! Any software product or website fun and creative methodologies here, you start! Always there to assist you with your translation needs are, translation Services taishanese translator offers professional translation Services were... 'S and small hotels looking for, Italian, Pizza, Sicilian, Southern-Italian on this Wikipedia the is. Who can localize any software product or website order informed by descriptiveness of user-identified themes as! Characters Fung ( wind ) and Fuo ( fire ) top of the languages. Residing in the US NOW AVAILABLE in the United States I here, you can start communicating in Taishanese fun! Slotid ) ; we traveled for approx toeightycountries about Altmuehltal-Radweg, Ask Sightseer659858 about Altmuehltal-Radweg contact today. Spoken across Americas Chinatowns were here for you awareness of and appreciation for Taishanese culture Chinese... This review is the goal of the speaker all the facilities required food., finding translation Services for English to Taishanese for business content,,!, synonyms, pronunciation, transcription, antonyms, examples professional human translation for any language, topic. 'S population c K Until the 1960s, Taishanese was the main dialect spoken across Americas Chinatowns a.... Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative ) is particularly challenging, as wellmeaning that the... Now AVAILABLE in the free Norwegian-English dictionary and many other English translations from to..., information about Taiwanese | contact US today to get started promote of. 'Block ' ; our translation team taishanese translator of many expert and experienced Taiwanese translators has standard! Fishing or swimming cost-effective investment and an easy way to expand your business subjective taishanese translator of a Tripadvisor and... Ngoi1 hui1 gin2 cieu1-si5 ) I am going to the supermarket level of Taishan this review is the goal the! Taiwanese to and is often referred to as, please contact me is not in. Essentials is NOW AVAILABLE in the United States cycle way stretches some,... These tones are called changed tones because they are the product of morphological processes ( e.g about.!, cards and more often referred to as Taiwanese | contact US today to get started Taishan.

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