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April 02, 2023
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He escaped from the Missouri State Penitentiary on April 23, 1967; and in Memphis, Tennessee, nearly a year later, on April 4, 1968, from a window of a neighbouring rooming house, he shot King, who was standing on the balcony of a motel room. There it was once again: A belief from the Rev. In the five decades since Martin Luther King Jr.was shot dead by an assassin at age 39, his children have worked tirelessly to preserve his legacy, sometimes with sharply different views on how best to do that, an article in the March 30 Washington Post said. Certainly not enough to finance his travels to Mexico, Canada, England, etc., after his escape. Kershaw made Ray to take a polygraph test as part of an interview with Playboy. The paper quotes Kings statement explaining his strategy: To dislocate the function of a city without destroying it can be more effective than a riot, because it can be longer lasting, costly to society, and not wantonly destructive., Kings admission that the strategy he planned for Washington, D.C, would be costly to society is startling in view of a fact noted in The Urban Institute report, Our Changing City, which observed: 1950 also marked the start of the white exodus to the suburbs. In an article in The New American back in 1999, John F. McManus, former publisher of this magazine and president emeritus of The John Birch Society, provided further detail about ODell association with King: In 1960, King hired one Hunter Pitts ODell to his staff. For some 50 years, the federal government has maintained that James Earl Ray was the gunman who assassinated King that day. He guided King in deciding whether to accept or reject public appearances. The greatest sin a convict can commit in prison is to escape. a lawyer who was also head of the National State's Rights Party (and who would later be charged with the bombing of a Birmingham church in which several children died). King was fired. In order to hang onto your drugs, people had to know that you would kill them without hesitation. Laster made several more desperate attempts to escape, including one attempt to saw out of death row (during which a guard captain was blinded). On January 26, 1976, Time magazine devoted four pages to the King assassination, drawing heavily on material from McMillan's book, which was scheduled for publication later that year: In 1963 and 1964 Martin Luther King was on TV almost every day, talking defiantly about how black people were going to get their rights, insisting that they would accept with nonviolence all the terrible violence that white people were inflicting on them, until the day of victory arrived, until they did overcome. Further information about this communist was found in the book, Its Very Simple: The True Story of Civil Rights, by the late author and speaker Alan Stang. Ray spent the rest of his life in prison and suffered with kidney and liver ailments in his last years. I have respect for the King family, however, as thousands of people converge on Memphis and in other places on Wednesday to commemorate the 50th anniversary of MLKs death, the King family is dead wrong. 2023 www.tennessean.com. So, even if I conceded the possibility that Ray had sold drugs, it would have been in small quantities, and for a brief period of time. Along with the rifle, he also bought a 2X-7X scope to aim the target well. In no uncertain terms, Byrd was calling on Johnson to stop Kings march on D.C. He is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.[3]. Benny taught me how to type. McMillan is the primary source for the widespread belief that Ray was a major drug dealer in Jeff City; that he smuggled large sums of money out of prison; that he used that money to finance his travels after his escape. For years after Ray's capture there was a close association between Stoner and Jerry Ray, James Earl Ray's brother. James Earl Ray was an American assassin convicted for the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. After his conviction, he spent all his life in prison. During the six years that James Earl Ray was an inmate at the Missouri State Penitentiary, he kept primarily to himself and, other than for the fact that he attempted to escape on more than one occasion, he had only one conduct violation during that entire time and that was for the possession of three packages of cigarettes, a ball point pen and one pound of coffeeIn addition, you might be interested to know that prior to the Governor's receiving your Mailgram, I personally discussed the allegations and conclusions in the, Shortly after Ray pled guilty to the King murder, Clay Blair's book. There was, however, some question in our minds about Ray's coordination. Unfortunately, the scene described by McMillan could not have happened. In 1967, he returned to the United States (Los Angeles) from Mexico and took dancing classes in a bartending school. Somehow, Ray managed to escape from prison on two different occasions. Davis and I became friends; and because of Davis I was also close to Laster and Westberg. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, The President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection, John McAdams (The John F. Kennedy Assassination Information Center), Evidence of Ray's contact with his brothers, 1967-68, Motive with respect to John and Jerry Ray, The backgrounds of Kauffmann and Sutherland, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records. In subsequent disclosures, Ray said that he was not the only person involved in the murder of King. Ray had seven siblings. For example, if you worked in the laundry you could charge people to starch and iron their clothes. All Rights Reserved. Some of the books written about the assassination describe him as a major drug dealer in Jefferson City, which is ludicrous. Brown has spoken about how his upbringing shaped his philosophy. His law license was entered on the disability inactive list (suspending his ability to practice law in Tennessee), and the discipline case was placed on indefinite hold until such a time as Brown is healthy enough to face the complaint. Moreover, Jerry Ray and James Earl Ray are close. people lost faith in the political system. On April 4, 1967 a year to the day prior to Kings assassination King delivered his Beyond Vietnam speech at Riverside Baptist Church in New York City. The FBI paper then named another communist whose name is very familiar to those who have read articles about Kings communist connections in The New American, its predecessor magazine, American Opinion, and the monthly bulletins of The John Birch Society, the parent organization of both publications. If they hadn't located Westberg in a few minutes, they would have shut down the entire prison. [22] He was released from protective custody at the Shelby County Corrections Facility the morning of September 1, 2015. When I got out the third time, I worked in the Tag Plant. He boiled when King came on the tube. The incident was incredibly damaging to the cause of King and his Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Undercover Agent, was an undercover agent for the FBI in the Cleveland area. They were not going to have me, or any other convict, expounding on the subject of Ray. ", The Miami police were sufficiently impressed with Milteer's seriousness that the Secret Service was alerted, and an imminent presidential motorcade into the city was canceled. He said not knowing the truth about his fathers assassination had been painful for the family. As for how Welch was able to gather such damning information about King when the FBI files on the activist were classified, much has to do with the fact that there were many patriotic members of the FBI and other agencies who recognized that Welch and the society he founded constituted a trustworthy place to reveal what they knew. Please let us know if you're having issues with commenting. Kelsey Grammer. In only two decades, the white population fell by over 300,000; DC became majority-black in the late 1950s.. Almost everyone felt sure the government would want to avoid a never-ending search for conspirators in the King case, and would accomplish that by presenting its evidence at Ray's trial. Ray was never that type. Between 1998 and 2000, the Department of Justice investigated Jowers claims and the evidence in the civil trial, and concluded that Jowerss claims werent credible. Tray after tray of bread would be stacked into a large box, and then the box would be loaded onto a pickup truck and hauled to the farms. The cartridge case (Q3) found in the Q2 rifle had been fired We got involved in several schemes, but our lack of mobility made it difficult to function. I've seen it happen again and again. "[20] One of the most intriguing aspects of the New Times article on James Earl Ray/Jerry Ray/J.B. Soon after his release from prison, he was again convicted for mail fraud in Hannibal, Missouri and served three prison sentences at the Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary. Martin Luther King Jr.family that James Earl Ray did not kill this nations most prominent civil rights leader. James Earl Ray Sirhan Sirhan Jack Ruby. James Earl Ray (March 10, 1928 - April 23, 1998) was an American fugitive convicted for assassinating Martin Luther King Jr. at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968. There were those who joked about Ray, because of the nature of his attempted escapes. But even if Ray had help, the evidence strongly pointed to him pulling the trigger. James Earl Ray was a supporter of George Wallace - who was a democrat in the 1960's but was on the side of segregation, which when you hear about the "party switch" of that time, these Democrats became Republicans. In her autobiography, Coretta Scott King wrote how glad she was that both Dexter and young Martin Luther King, III, had a chance to go with their father on . I spent virtually all of 1962 in solitary. Shortly after Ray pled guilty to the King murder, Clay Blair's book The Strange Case of James Earl Ray was published. In 1999, James Earl Ray was found innocent of killing Martin Luther King Jr. in the same way O.J. a right twist by the rifle from which it had been fired. Later, though, he claimed he left the prints to gain international notoriety. He was transferred to the maximum security facility called Lois M. DeBerry Special Needs Facility in Nashville which had hospital facilities. Then Benny was transferred to L-Hall, an honor unit just outside the walls of the main penitentiary. What Political Party was James Earl Ray part of? Ray, whose previous history as a criminal was notable only for its ineptness, fled to Canada after the killing, assumed a new identity complete with credentials, then fled to England where he was arrested trying to fly out to another country. I first met Benny Edmondson at the Algoa Reformatory in 1956, where he was teaching typing at the school. James Earl Ray, (born March 10, 1928, Alton, Illinois, U.S.died April 23, 1998, Nashville, Tennessee), American assassin of the African American civil-rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. Ray had been a small-time crook, a robber of gas stations and stores, who had served time in prison, once in Illinois and twice in Missouri, and received a suspended sentence in Los Angeles. Jimmy Carter, in full James Earl Carter, Jr., (born October 1, 1924, Plains, Georgia, U.S.), 39th president of the United States (1977-81), who served as the country's chief executive during a time of serious problems at home and abroad. James. Therefore, I challenge your authority to hear it. nitrites would have indicated a close-range discharge). In June of 2008, Harding spoke at Stanford University and said the following: Many people within the movement said, Martin, you cannot raise your voice against Johnsons war because Johnson is our man and if you raise your voice against Johnsons war, Johnson being Johnson, is not going to like it.'. They laid out the evidence before he entered his plea, and he said, OK. He said his lawyers were incompetent, and that proved false. Ray watched it all on the cell-block TV at Jeff City. The shot that killed Dr. King was fired from the bathroom window at the McMillan, and through him Time magazine, are also the primary sources for the general belief that Ray financed his after-escape activities with money earned in Jeff City. 14. Lee Harvey Oswald James Earl Ray Sirhan Sirhan . He later joined the American army at the end of the Second World War and served in Germany. Meanwhile, William Bradford Huie, gathering information for his book, One of the most intriguing aspects of the, John Wayne Gacy Confessed to Killing Dozens (December 22, 1978). Different convicts had different hustles to make money. in the Q2 rifle. Early Ray had a criminal history starting from the time he left the American Army. That is why he could never have been a major drug dealer. UN Pushing New Age Spirituality on Schoolchildren, Arizona Poised to Make Pledge of Allegiance Mandatory in Schools. More:Manhunt in the mountains: James Earl Ray and the Brushy Mountain Prison breakout of 1977. There were half a dozen guys who rented magazines, and they hawked their wares by the yard shack (a small rock building where the guards stayed). [4] While on the bench he was known for his sometimes unusual sentences, such as, sentencing a child molester to confess to his church congregation and ordering a drug trafficker to apologize in a newspaper letter.[5]. Manhunt in the mountains: James Earl Ray and the Brushy Mountain Prison breakout of 1977, How The Tennessean covered Martin Luther King Jr.'s death in its pages, Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy. [3] He would later open his own law practice before being elected as a judge on the State Criminal Court of Shelby County, Tennessee in 1990. Don told me later he was stunned; but he knew if he hesitated too long, a guard would catch Ray. (153) On April 4, 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was shot while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. Search for the Killer (April 4- June 8, 1968), the Young & Morrow rooming house Examine the rooming house where James Earl Ray stayed on the day of the assassination, the bathroom window documented as the site of the fatal shot, evidence recovered at the scene, and evidence leading to the capture and arrest of James Earl Ray. Shortly before his seventh birthday, in 1935, his father passed a bad check and the Rays fled to Ewing, Missouri, where they changed their name to Raynes to avoid . I'll be out of here very shortly on a Petition for Habeas Corpus and I'll bring up all these problems and guess what, you might not be operating tomorrow. The only thing publicity could do was further humiliate them. Why did James Earl Ray have cancer? When I tried to mail my review to The Star, the prison officials refused to allow it to leave the prison. A confirmed racist and small-time criminal, James Earl Ray began plotting the assassination of revered civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. in early 1968. James Earl Ray did it, case closed! A two month long manhunt spanning five countries was launched by the law enforcement agencies to nab him. With the release of this FBI document, however, it seems that the FBI and the JBS were on the same page regarding King. Jerry was returned to solitary in 1963 for making zip-guns, and a few days later I was put in B-Basement on suspicion of stabbing an inmate who'd volunteered to help the guards search the Tag Plant for the rest of the zip-guns, which were never found. Brown was sentenced to five days in jail,[7][15] but was later released on his own recognizance. I grew up in one of the toughest neighborhoods in South Central Los Angeles. Speech of Senator Robert C. Byrd, Senate Journal, Appendix Two, March 29, 1968. He was found to be legally liable and a sum of $100 was accepted by Kings family in restitution. King was visiting Memphis to settle a strike by garbage workers. Charley McCracken, a friend from the St. Louis City Jail, pointed him out to me in H-Hall, where the newly arriving convicts at the maximum-security penitentiary were oriented. While on the lam in the 1950s, Ray lived in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico under the pseudonym Eric Stalvo Galt. While there, Eric Galt ordered video equipment through the mail to start up a business as a small-time pornographer. During the original taped conversation, Milteer also revealed a plot against Martin Luther King, one that involved an NSRP hit man named Brown. After Ray was arrested for the assassination of Martin Luther King, it was widely believed that those erroneous prints were proof that the King conspiracy began in Jefferson City, and that someone employed at the prison was involved. In the year 1959, he was caught stealing $120 from a Kroger Store in St. Louis. [4] By 1978, Brown became the first African-American prosecutor in Memphis, and he later directed the Memphis public defender's office. "Somebody's gotta get him," Ray would say, his face drawn with tension, his fists clenched. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. None. As noted, the committee concluded that James Earl Ray was the assassin of Dr. King. I watched my parents tough it out on a daily basis, and I saw that what really kept them going was making a difference to others. The jury was clearly convinced by the extensive evidence that was presented during the trial that, in addition to Mr. Jowers, the conspiracy of the Mafia, local, state and federal government agencies, were deeply involved in the assassination of my husband.. Jack Kershaw Is Dead at 96; Challenged Conviction in King's Death. The President, Milteer said, would be shot "from an office building with a high-powered rifle," and a patsy would be picked up within hours . All the seven prisoners who escaped from the prison were recaptured within two days and sent back to the prison. Their goal was to cover all aspects of true crime: Read More, Contents Copyright 1998-2020 by Crime Magazine | J. Patrick O'Connor Editor | E-mail CrimeMagazine.com, Designed by Orman. There were no cellblock TVs in Jefferson City in 1963 and 1964. Since Ray's arrest for the assassination, he has become mythified. Some people had trouble, for example, believing Ray had arranged his international escape all by himself, since he had a track record of getting caught for more minor crimes. Those of us who had been involved in escape attempts did not consider Ray a joke. "doesn't know anything.". The King familys belief in Rays innocence was partly influenced by the strange case of Loyd Jowers, whod owned the restaurant below Rays rented room in Memphis. Assassination. After buying the rifle, he came back to Atlanta where he came to know that King was planning a return trip to Memphis, Tennessee. It would later be learned that Ray's classification card contained erroneous fingerprints, which were initially distributed nationally. Martin Luther King Jr. January 30, 1961. Whether anybody helped him indirectly has yet to be determined. You tend to know a great deal about people you've never met. We knew that anytime you try to escape from a maximum-security prison you run the risk of being shot. While taking dancing classes, he was attracted to the presidential campaign of George Wallace. But it turned out that rather than discharging this key Red, he had transferred and promoted ODell to a higher post within Kings Southern Christian Leadership Conference. On the first one he'd fallen and stunned himself; on the second he'd hidden in a ceiling. William Francis Pepper (born August 16, 1937) is a U.S. lawyer formerly based in New York City who is most noted for his efforts to prove government culpability and the innocence of James Earl Ray in the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. Pepper has also been trying to prove the innocence of Sirhan Sirhan in the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. Ostensibly only a New York City attorney and businessman, Levison is, in fact, a shrewd, dedicated communist. . [13], Brown is twice divorced and has two sons from his first marriage.[14]. Jerry Ray had moved in with Stoner, and shot an intruder who broke into Stoner's office which was in the same building as the living quarters. The paper stated that King had announced that this action would disrupt the normal course of business and, in fact, close down the nations capital. Anyone who remembers the looks on their faces, their resolve and their anger would have to concede that it would have required nothing short of cold hard facts. Early Ray fired a single shot by standing in the bathtub of his shared room and balancing the rifle on a window ledge. The ballistics tests proved to be inconclusive and Ray remained in prison. Just once, he was caught with three packs of cigarettes, a pound of coffee and a ballpoint pen. That caused the Reverend Emanuel Cleaver, then executive director of the Kansas City Chapter of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (and now Mayor of Kansas City, Missouri) to send a request to Missouri Gov. No vehicle traffic would have been allowed in or out until he was found. He was a founder and the long-time chairman of the National States' Rights Party as well as the publisher of its newsletter, The Thunderbolt. Hunter Pitts ODell, former National Committee member of the CPUSA, was employed by SCLC. Ray said he wasnt in the room when King was shot, but he was unable to consistently explain where he had been, or keep other important details in his story straight. Ray was one of a group of five inmates who escaped from Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary in June 1977, which Kershaw claimed was additional proof that Ray had been involved in a conspiracy that had provided him with the outside assistance he would have needed to break out of jail. This claim got some support from the 1978 special congressional committee which opined that Ray might not have acted alone in the assassination as it required meticulous planning. Milteer told the informant that a scheme was in the works to kill President Kennedy. Mr. Kershaw was a Tennessee lawyer who argued that James Earl Ray, convicted in the 1968 assassination of the Rev. FBI investigators at the time traced the shot to a rooming house across the street, and witnesses directed them to a large bundle dropped on the sidewalk after the shooting. Just before Ray's escape from Jeff City he was visited by his brother. Corrections? The project, while stopping short of violent riots, nevertheless advocated widespread civil disobedience (a nonviolent, but nevertheless illegal activity) that King said he and 3,000 of his followers planned on staging in Washington that spring. Milteer, a Stoner associate, as he discussed NSRP plans with a Miami police informer. "just to throw the public off. Ray was not married and details of his relationships with any women are not known. He said that another person he met in Canada by the name Raoul was the actual person who plotted the murder and ultimately pulled the trigger. Back in Memphis, Ray pleaded guilty, forfeiting a trial, and was sentenced to 99 years in prison. The crisis at the Democratic National Convention marked a . The first time I saw James Earl Ray, he had just arrived at the Missouri State Penitentiary in Jefferson City. This tribunal on a General Sessions Court's authority is insufficient to establish you. I don't recall that your name's ever been submitted, sir. The cells that I was associated with in Cleveland were continually being asked to raise funds for Martin Luther Kings activities. She also said, Mr. During the six years that James Earl Ray was an inmate at the Missouri State Penitentiary, he kept primarily to himself and, other than for the fact that he attempted to escape on more than one occasion, he had only one conduct violation during that entire time and that was for the possession of three packages of cigarettes, a ball point pen and one pound of coffeeIn addition, you might be interested to know that prior to the Governor's receiving your Mailgram, I personally discussed the allegations and conclusions in the Time magazine article with the author himself, Mr. George McMillan. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration Said Byrd: Yesterday, Mr. President, the Nation was given a preview of what may be in store for this city by the outrageous and despicable riot that Martin Luther King helped to bring about in Memphis, Tenn. They might not have been involved in the murder, McMillian observes of the FBI, but I wish people knew the really shameful things that they did.. In 1977, New Times magazine suggested that Jerry Ray and "Raoul" were one and the same. The paper then listed some of the ways Levison had supported and influenced King, as far back as 1956: He actively involved himself in fundraising drives for King. pleaded guilty to the first degree murder of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. No one else I knew did either. It wasn't until November 9, 1970--years after Ray escaped from Jefferson City--that inmates were allowed to purchase small black-and-white television sets, which they could keep in their cells. He shot. The George Wallace Democrat of the 1960's aligns with the and is the Republican Party we know today. The coffee was contraband. Happy 300th Birthday, Richard Price! A Democratic Senator from West Virginia delivered an extremely incendiary speech on the Senate Floor that was directed specifically at President Lyndon Johnson, also a Democrat. In my interviews with him, I've found him to be eerily unflappable. He knew we viewed Ray as a not-too-bright hillbilly. After his escape, Early Ray was continuously on the move and travelled across USA, Canada, and Mexico. Among the files related to the JFK assassination that were recently released was an FBI research paper dated March 12, 1968, with the subject line Martin Luther King, Jr.: A Current Analysis. The paper was written just a month before the controversial civil-rights activist was shot and killed on April 4, 1968. Its not clear when Coretta Scott King, widow of King, began to believe in Rays innocence. Sometime before 4:00 p.m. on April 4, 1968, James Earl Ray parked his white Mustang on South Main Street and, under an assumed name, rented a room in the second floor rooming house directly above the grill. As the paper notes: Through Levisons influence, other subversives were attracted to SCLC [The Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which King helped found]. Ray replied that he did not commit the crime. Ray left school when he was just fifteen due to his familys financial condition. He was unable to give me any specifics but just responded that "it was common knowledge.". Now confident that he could not be recognized, he again began a cross-country drive to Atlanta, Georgia. George M. Camp, head of the Missouri prison system, wrote to Cleaver, saying: My findings are that there is nothing whatsoever to substantiate any conclusion that James Earl Ray financed either his escape or his activities after his escape through any means while he was an inmate at the Missouri State Penitentiary. The Strange Case of James Earl Ray are close from which it had painful! Ray a james earl ray political party the Republican Party we know today don told me later he was visited by his.! Only thing publicity could do was further humiliate them Christian Leadership Conference ( SCLC.. Ray a joke that I was associated with in Cleveland were continually being asked to raise funds Martin. Fists clenched prints to gain international notoriety his Southern Christian Leadership Conference ( SCLC.. Strongly pointed to him pulling the trigger two different occasions school when he was teaching typing at the Algoa in! 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