brazil, civil registration records

Scientists estimate that the total number of plant and animal species in Brazil could approach four million, mostly invertebrates. WebBrazil. [471] Popular snacks are pastel (a fried pastry); coxinha (a variation of chicken croquete); po de queijo (cheese bread and cassava flour / tapioca); pamonha (corn and milk paste); esfirra (a variation of Lebanese pastry); kibbeh (from Arabic cuisine); empanada (pastry) and empada, little salt pies filled with shrimps or heart of palm. [178] This region is as extensive as the Amazon basin but has a very different climate as it lies farther south at a higher altitude. [266] The Brazilian real is the national currency. [508] The So Paulo circuit, Autdromo Jos Carlos Pace, hosts the annual Grand Prix of Brazil. [187] It has the most known species of plants (55,000), freshwater fish (3,000), and mammals (over 689). Flag. Digital Television, using the SBTVD standard (based on the Japanese standard ISDB-T), was adopted on 29 June 2006 and launched on 2 November 2007. 1. [370], Brazilian society is more markedly divided by social class lines, although a high income disparity is found between race groups, so racism and classism often overlap. [342] The So Paulo Metro was the first underground transit system in Brazil. [296] Historical records of 5.4million visitors and US$6.8 billion in receipts were reached in 2011. Before the discovery of Brazil by the Portuguese, South American Indians had been living in the region for thousands of years. [79], With the end of the Peninsular War in 1814, the courts of Europe demanded that Queen Maria I and Prince Regent Joo return to Portugal, deeming it unfit for the head of an ancient European monarchy to reside in a colony. Human settlement in Brazil is thought to have begun at least 32,000 years ago. [473] The films Limite (1931) and Ganga Bruta (1933), the latter being produced by Adhemar Gonzaga through the prolific studio Cindia, were poorly received at release and failed at the box office, but are acclaimed nowadays and placed among the finest Brazilian films of all time. Fritz Mller: a naturalist in Brazil. At the 1963 event, the Brazil national basketball team won one of its two world championship titles. Before the discovery of Brazil by the Portuguese, South American Indians had been living in the region for thousands of years. The constitution reserves 25% of the state budget and 18% of federal taxes and municipal taxes for education. Brazil's diversified economy includes agriculture, industry, and a wide range of services. [280] Its automotive industry is the eighth-largest in the world. The capital of Brazil is Braslia.Brazil was named after brazilwood, which is a tree that once grew very well along the Brazilian coast. It covers a wide range of activities: commerce, accommodation and catering, transport, communications, financial services, real estate activities and services provided to businesses, public administration (urban cleaning, sanitation, etc.) [32] In Portuguese, brazilwood is called pau-brasil, with the word brasil commonly given the etymology "red like an ember," formed from brasa ("ember") and the suffix -il (from -iculum or -ilium). It forms an enormous triangle on the eastern side of the continent with a 4,500-mile (7,400-kilometer) coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. 10, 12, David R. Mares; "Violent peace: militarized interstate bargaining in Latin America", M.Sharp, I. Westwell & J.Westwood; "History of World War I, Volume 1" Marshall Cavendish Corporation 2002, p. 97, Charles Howard Ellis; "The origin, structure & working of the League of Nations" The LawBook Exchange Ltd 2003 pp. Regrettably, its also one of the most endangered biomes in the world, with just 12.5% of it remaining in disparate fragments along Brazils southeast-facing coastline. 200+ new agribusiness markets have been reached in the last 3 years. [48][49] While heredity had some weight, leadership was a status more won over time than assigned in succession ceremonies and conventions. Judges and other judicial officials are appointed after passing entry exams.[207]. Brazil is a founding member of the United Nations, the G20, BRICS, Mercosul, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. The indigenous population of Brazil comprised several large indigenous ethnic groups (e.g., the Tupis, Guarans, Gs, and Arawaks). [176] Major rivers include the Amazon (the world's second-longest river and the largest in terms of volume of water), the Paran and its major tributary the Iguau (which includes the Iguazu Falls), the Negro, So Francisco, Xingu, Madeira and Tapajs rivers. [65][66] Portuguese Brazil received more than 2.8 million slaves from Africa between the years of 1500 to 1800. The country has about 212 million people. [452] The phrase "bossa nova" means literally "new trend". While there were national film productions during the early 20th century, American films such as Rio the Magnificent were made in Rio de Janeiro to promote tourism in the city. Acar. The country also has 50,000 kilometers (31,000 miles) of waterways. MIAMI (AP) The map was called Beach Trip and was blasted out to more than 18,000 members of a public Telegram channel called, in Portuguese, Hunting and Fishing. But instead of outdoor recreation tips, the 43 pins spread across the map of Brazil pointed to cities where bus transportation to the capital could be found for what promoters The language must be taught as a part of the education and speech and language pathology curricula. [192] Larger mammals include carnivores pumas, jaguars, ocelots, rare bush dogs, and foxes, and herbivores peccaries, tapirs, anteaters, sloths, opossums, and armadillos. [444] The major contribution of the African element was the rhythmic diversity and some dances and instruments that had a bigger role in the development of popular music and folk, flourishing especially in the twentieth century. [350] The population is heavily concentrated in the Southeastern (79.8million inhabitants) and Northeastern (53.5million inhabitants) regions, while the two most extensive regions, the Center-West and the North, which together make up 64.12% of the Brazilian territory, have a total of only 29.1million inhabitants. There are about 2,500 airports in Brazil, including landing fields: the second largest number in the world, after the United States. Ribeira Valley and the Atlantic Forest. "[38], In the Guaran language, an official language of Paraguay, Brazil is called "Pindorama". [304][305], The Brazilian Space Agency has the most advanced space program in Latin America, with significant resources to launch vehicles, and manufacture of satellites. Brazil as a whole is significantly more polarized and much of the Amazon region is led by governors and mayors who align themselves with Bolsonaro. [385] In 2007, the National Indian Foundation estimated that Brazil has 67 different uncontacted tribes, up from their estimate of 40 in 2005. [16] Jurisdiction is administered by the judiciary entities, although in rare situations the Federal Constitution allows the Federal Senate to pass on legal judgments. [367][373][374][375] The brown population (officially called pardo in Portuguese, also colloquially moreno)[376][377] is a broad category that includes caboclos (assimilated Amerindians in general, and descendants of Whites and Natives), mulatos (descendants of primarily Whites and Afro-Brazilians) and cafuzos (descendants of Afro-Brazilians and Natives). University of California Press. The current president is Luiz Incio Lula da Silva. Its capacity at the end of 2021 was 181,532 MW. [288][289][290] Although, it was among the five largest world producers in 2013, Brazil's textile industry is very little integrated into world trade. In auto racing, three Brazilian drivers have won the Formula One world championship eight times. Facts about Brazils history. MIAMI (AP) The Biden administration is under growing pressure from leftists in Latin America as well as U.S. lawmakers to expel Jair Bolsonaro from a post-presidential retreat in Florida following his supporters brazen attack on Brazils capital over the weekend. [479] The Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro, the first newspaper published in the country, began to circulate on 10 September 1808. O Povo Brasileiro, Companhia de Bolso, fourth reprint, 2008 (2008). It is the fifth largest country in the world, exceeded in size only by Russia, Canada, China, and the United States, though its area is greater than that of the 48 conterminous U.S. states. Brazil is the only Portuguese-speaking nation in the Americas, making the language an important part of Brazilian national identity and giving it a national culture distinct from those of its Spanish-speaking neighbors. 15 November is now Republic Day, a national holiday. [321], Brazilian science is represented by the likes of Csar Lattes (Brazilian physicist Pathfinder of Pi Meson),[322] Mrio Schenberg (considered the greatest theoretical physicist of Brazil),[323] Jos Leite Lopes (only Brazilian physicist holder of the UNESCO Science Prize),[324] Artur vila (the first Latin American winner of the Fields Medal)[325] and Fritz Mller (pioneer in factual support of the theory of evolution by Charles Darwin). [445] Maracatu and Afox are two music traditions that have been popularized by their appearance in the annual Brazilian Carnivals. [144] Oppression was not limited to those who resorted to guerrilla tactics to fight the regime, but also reached institutional opponents, artists, journalists and other members of civil society,[145][146] inside and outside the country through the infamous "Operation Condor". [443] Until the nineteenth century, Portugal was the gateway to most of the influences that built Brazilian music, although many of these elements were not of Portuguese origin, but generally European. The different climatic conditions produce environments ranging from equatorial rainforests in the north and semiarid deserts in the northeast, to temperate coniferous forests in the south and tropical savannas in central Brazil. [435], Brazilian art has developed since the 16th century into different styles that range from Baroque (the dominant style in Brazil until the early 19th century)[436][437] to Romanticism, Modernism, Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism and Abstractionism. "Ethnic Groups of the Americas" ABC-CLIO 2013, Richard Middleton and Anne Lombard "Colonial America: A History to 1763" Wiley-Blackwell Publishing 1st edition 1992, Corrado, Jacopo "The Creole Elite and the Rise of Angolan Protonationalism", Bethell, Leslie "Colonial Brazil" Cambridge University Press 1987 pp. Read the entire Travel Advisory. [14] Its size, relief, climate, and natural resources make Brazil geographically diverse. See the State Departments travel website for the Worldwide Caution and Travel Advisories. 2. [432] Among other influences, the Portuguese introduced the Portuguese language, Roman Catholicism and colonial architectural styles. ], Baniwa and Tucano languages had been granted co-official status with Portuguese. [92] This period of internal political and social upheaval, which included the Praieira revolt in Pernambuco, was overcome only at the end of the 1840s, years after the end of the regency, which occurred with the premature coronation of Pedro II in 1841. "Booming Brazil could be world power soon", "CIA The World Factbook Country Comparisons GDP (purchasing power parity)", "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019", "Discoveries Challenge Beliefs on Humans' Arrival in the Americas", http://gobrazil.about.com/od/ecotourismadventure/ss/Peter-Lund-Museum.htm, https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.254.5038.1621, "More enslaved Africans came to the Americas through this port than anywhere else. [450], Choro is a very popular music instrumental style. [268], Brazil is one of the largest producers of various agricultural commodities,[269] and also has a large cooperative sector that provides 50% of the food in the country. Located in central-eastern part of South America and covering an area of 8.5 million sq.km (3,287,956 sq mi), Brazil is the world's 5th largest country as well as the largest country in South America and in the Southern Hemisphere. Flag. the industrial zones of Manaus can be reached only by means of the SolimesAmazonas waterway (3,250 kilometers or 2,020 miles in length, with a minimum depth of six meters or 20 feet). The first underground transit system in Brazil is thought to have begun at least 32,000 years.., Gs, and natural resources make Brazil geographically diverse Bolso, fourth reprint, 2008 ( 2008 ) their... Has 50,000 kilometers ( 31,000 miles ) of waterways Republic Day, a national holiday annual! After passing entry exams. [ 207 ] Guarans, Gs, and natural resources make geographically... ) coastline along the Atlantic Ocean reached in the last 3 years [ 342 ] So. 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