how to become a real estate divorce specialist

Weve done the research and interviewed several experts to answer your question in this guide. And, you know, from a completely unrelated industry similar background, you know, education background, like I was psychology and law enforcement, but I had a heavy emphasis on sociology. Every aspect of a home sale can become a battle for divorcing spouses if they dont focus on the goal to sell the home for the best possible price as expediently as possible. Some people can watch us here being so excited, having these conversations at a high level, and be like, oh, I can never do that. It had, there was a lot of damage done to the house. So then he had me appointed to this case. that moment, right. People are going to think that you dont, you, you couldnt do it yourself. So that was one way that I grew my business was I had, you know, the attorney who referred me and then there was the other attorney who I developed relationships with. So youre dealing with restraining orders. I am not a lawyer. And then the judge appointed someone to sign all paperwork on his I thought I kind of had a dud listing cause I was like, well, I cant move forward cause hes not working. plan a family road trip and bring a soccer ball or baseball to use on the way or when you get there. There are a lot of complexities that go into the. So anybody in your probate community, we would love to have you. This unique program will provide you the tools to overcome common obstacles most professionals experience with divorcing clients and ultimately improve the experience for all parties involved. Like favorite_border. Your email address will not be published. And we started All The Leads as a complete probate lead and marketing system, and to step out of production to focus on reaching more people with the message I felt was my best chance of having the biggest consumer impact, scared me to death. I think this is the first of many conversations that well let you guys be witness to, hopefully, we can do some live streaming, but I wanted to kind of have a macro conversation about, you know, introducing Laurel to the community. And so now theyre getting a divorce and the wage earner is saying. And when it requires selling a home, any disagreement in the selling process can escalate quickly. WebPardons. We are celebrating our 24th wedding anniversary in May. WebThe Seasoned Realtor | Trust, Probate & Divorce Specialist | Licensed in IL and IN | I help people through the Seasons of Life | Trusted Strategic Probate & Divorce Coach on Real This month weve got Harold up in San Francisco. The Delaware Public Archives research room staff can supply you with a certified copy of your pardon if you provide them with your name at the time of the pardon, the year of the pardon, Become a Real Estate Divorce Specialist! If youre going through the divorce process, selling your home is only one of many crucial, life-impacting decisions you will be making in a relatively short period of time. And then they skip over the low-hanging fruit, which is your database. Complications in Splitting Real Like, its a benevolent entity that yes, were going to provide value first and were going to get compensated well, but only after we do exactly what we promised and met your expectations and thats a. Thats a common thread of all the people in our community. Wed take a field trip to the courthouse, but now because of COVID, we werent able to do that. WebMenu Home; Rankings. And I swear, Im going to get back to doing it much better. All Rights Reserved. Interested in becoming a Certified Probate Expert? The exact salary varies by market location and experience level, but a certified divorce real estate specialist can earn an excellent income in the range of $50,000 to $150,000 per year to start. WebBecome the professional real estate agent/broker of Choice for 2.4 Million People! I mean, I was like this, isnt what they teach. Start with a free home value estimate from HomeLight. You know, you get a magnet for your car that says Im an expert. That quite frankly, pisses me off but fuels me those who cant do, teach. Richard Haddad is the managing editor of HomeLights Seller Resource Center where he works with an experienced content team that oversees the companys blog featuring in-depth articles about the home sale process, home ownership news, home care and design tips, and related trends. And Ive taken every single one of those opportunities and turned it into a lesson that I learned and incorporated all of that into our curriculum. program is a highly involved and participatory 16-hour course. You are sure to come out of the training enlightened and empowered. What do you do when you stop flying? Our Real Estate Divorce Specialist Training Course is your key to standing out from the crowd of other real estate professionals. What is a sample business card? Interested in becoming a divorce real estate agent? The first section consists of a specialized communication skills Remember drop in the comments if there are things you guys want to hear us discuss even if you want to hear us debate certain things, probate versus divorce might be a fun panel. I went to one of his conferences and was completely struck by I loved it. Become a part of a national directory of Certified Divorce Specialists. Chad Corbett: Thank you for being here. It also highlights specific legal, financial, mental health, and real estate information that are integral to the divorce process. And some people might look at this on the outside and go, Whoa, why would anyone do that in real estate? I am not out there pounding the pavement every day, looking for expired listings, looking for FSBOs, looking for the next deal. Often, your attorney will have several recommendations for agents who specialize in selling homes for divorcing parties. Very unique and requires dedication. almt tough to argue ith o (not tht actully Our divorce real estate training program is very, very comprehensive. WebCompany: Colorado House Finders Team at RE/MAX ProfessionalsWebsite: www.ColoradoHouseFinders.com. You can try it out before you commit. Lets examine the facts you need to know to find the right agent to help you sell your home during a divorce. Magnum Opus Project, LLC And so. The good news is that you dont have to go about finding this type of agent alone. After your call, you'll submit application materials. And, you know, I get the same thing. A Certified Divorce Real Estate Expert (CDRE) is a real estate professional who has received specialized training in the unique challenges and considerations involved in divorce real estate transactions. WebThe Certified Divorce Specialist (CDS) Training is for professionals in the legal, financial, mental health, and real estate fields who provide services for divorcing clients. favorite_border 0. As they answer your questions, home in on which ones offer the clearest communication and highest comfort level. Laurel Starks: I got my real estate license I took Brian Buffini, that was the first thing I did. But in probate its, thats that signal. So it is live. Like you did like, but through your community. Parisa Weiss, Esq. Established in 2001. But anyway, then any ideas you have, any questions you had watching this that you wish you could ask directly? So but I love the idea of a referral-based business. An agent that specializes in divorce provides multiple benefits, which include: Divorce is a challenge all by itself, as is the process of selling a home thats two major challenges at once. Activities and Societies: go for a walk or to a park in your neighbourhood and play Frisbee. Understands the emotional delicacy of the situation and can navigate it well. Her entre into financial psychology came about because she had a lot of financial planning clients going through life changes, such as divorce, widowhood and retirement. theres usually an opposing counsel. The intensity of the programs varies and all are available online. Before we jump into specifics, if youre connecting with this, if you think that divorce is something youre interested in, be sure to check the show notes. Cause I think its important. The court can make any orders about anything who the listing Realtor is, whether or not its sold, whether or not its kept how much the list price is, and what offers are accepted. So I certainly invite everyone who has gone through that. Cause it was on the doorsteps of foreclosure and you know, you mentioned something earlier about the hostile husbands. It takes the help of a patient, communicative real estate agent to keep the home sale sailing smoothly through the rocky seas of a divorce. Parisa Weiss lives in La Jolla with her husband Eric and her two daughters (Melody & Shiley). If youre watching this, we can pretty much assume youre here because youve got a benevolent streak at least; you connect with the message of provide value first and doing work that other people are unwilling or not strong enough to do. So it just kind of went on and on. All right. When searching for an agent with experience working with divorcing couples, dont sacrifice the other important qualifications you should look for when hiring any real estate professional. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Real Estate Divorce Specialists will definitely find the recording full of useful information. Brown states, Hire a divorce attorney who just does divorces, and they will have real estate professionals that they use regularly that they can refer you to.. RCS-D | Real Estate Collaboration Specialist - Divorce. Local governments, on the other hand, perceive the law as yet another possible blow to their already stretched resources. Jordan presented legislation to repeal the Ohio estate tax as one of his first projects. CDREs help clients understand the financial and legal implications of their property division, as well as how to balance those considerations with emotional factors. But. Its not uncommon to have that. Youre cleaning up problems all the time!. CDSare equipped with valuable divorce-specific information and a customized communications skillset to work with and collaborate on low and high conflict divorce cases. I am already applying my newly-learned skills and seeing an amazing difference in the effectiveness of my client communications. Practicing real estate since And then I launched it in started 2018 and weve grown to become the number one most comprehensive, most well-respected most well-known real estate designation in the family law industry, within our industry as well as within their industry in just four years. Fighting about the home sale will cost you both time and money.. Divorce real estate and lending mastermind group on Facebook is the best way. Laurel Starks: So were in it for the long haul and the CDRE program teaches everything from dealing with high conflict behaviors, how to be neutral, mediation training the divorce listing process, as well as how to testify in court, how to be an expert witness to the court. Theres a very specific way that I do and handle my listings. So before a real estate agent gets into the divorce niche, you need to understand the role of the court, the role of lawyers, and the role of real estate experts. Included with the RCS-D Designation is your FREE listing on the RCS-D USA Directory. Maybe youve got to stay-at-home parent who stayed at home for 20 years and has not invested in their career. You know, how do you work through these challenges? But boy, that was a long answer. If you get value from these and you havent already, please be sure and subscribe to whatever platform youre on, whether youre listening to the podcast or watching us on YouTube, and well see you next time. The Probate Mastery course is designed to get you on probate appointments as soon as this week, with ongoing coaching every Tuesday to walk you through deals and scenarios. Were in about 30 states now and its transforming how realtors do business in the legal community. A vocational expert is another expert they hire and family law who comes in and analyzes how much the non-wage earner is capable of earning. As I said earlier, I went from dealing with problems and families in one culture, one county, and one set of laws to scaling up to thousands. He had been very, very violent. I mean, talk about an impactful statement for people like us. So I go over to her house and the house was in all kinds of disarray. its an audition, right? Chad Corbett: Welcome everybody. I grew a real estate team and then I decided in 2016, I didnt want to have the team so much anymore, but what I was passionate about, was teaching other agents and helping other agents do what I do. Asia Pacific; EMEA; Latin America; UK Solicitors; UK Bar; United States You may be wondering if your process needs to be any different than the typical selling process. All these years later you know, its, its kinda cool to see how far shes come in that story, but she got the house sold and she was up in Oregon and her son was able to start school. But the barrier to entry is so low in these types of real estate niches because it takes a person like you. She had had a flood, a pipe leak. Selling a house is a really big deal. Katt is an expert in probate marketing and helps entrepreneurs build businesses in the probate space. Take advantage of this $500 savings towards your Certified Divorce Real Estate Expert education through Ilumni Institute. Chad asked me one question. are equipped with valuable divorce-specific information and a customized communications skillset to work with and collaborate on low and high conflict divorce cases. Im a native of Florida and go Seminoles! But I love the concept. Selling Your Rental Property? He is part of very, very plugged into their collaborative divorce community. Look for an agent with a proven track record of successfully selling homes in your area quickly and for top dollar. Those who teach, if they did first and they teach now, thats because they felt a calling to make a bigger impact. And then youve got this other client that is one foot out the door of the house, needs to sell. So Laurel, Ill have you lets talk about that first. So we have different speakers. Couples can often benefit from retaining a real estate divorce specialist. Success Stories from Probate Specialists. Ive succeeded. I went into law enforcement and we fell back to real estate, but we brought you to know, a mindset from, you know, we thought our career was going one way. A great real estate agent can help you navigate the complexities of selling a home in a divorce and lighten your load. Thank you, Chad. So I need you to come over right now and we need to list the house and get it sold. Every year 1.2 million couples get divorced. So theres so much commonality. Higher chances of clients/ partners being loyal to your business. Be Aware of These 15 Tenant Rights, 6 of the Top We Buy Houses for Cash Companies in Kissimmee, What to Do When You Cant Afford Home Repairs and Need Help, 18 House Hunting Tips From Real Estate Experts, 5 of the Top We Buy Houses for Cash Companies in Amarillo, Real Estate Collaboration Specialist-Divorce. Creamer agrees, you need to have an experienced agent who knows what the challenges of divorce real estate sales are to stop them before they happen. An agent that specializes in divorce provides multiple benefits, which include: Experience with dual agency and can act as a neutral third party. And, you know, as you start, I have cold chills every time I talk about this, because you start to, to be able to, to see your community impact. Fill out this short form and set a phone appointment with an enrollment specialist. And I think thats the same path for, for a, you know, a practitioner through your community. Like I didnt have family in real estate. How Much Does It Cost to Build a House in 2023? Chad Corbett: its good to know why youre here and what I want to underscore in that as guys, anyone whos been, you know, has heard my story. There is a link there for both of the levels of courses that Laurels offering. She had a restraining order against him. The National Association of Divorce Professionals makes getting high-quality referrals and building your business in the divorce industry easy. Laurel Starks: Yeah, weve got a, a Facebook mastermind group, divorce real estate and lending mastermind. We customize, we teach you, we train you on, and then we will also provide continuing education in all the states. If you need assistance navigating the legalities of selling your home in a divorce, HomeLight always encourages you to reach out to your own advisor. In court, we used to do the class live, as people would fly here. So I flew as a domestic and international flight attendant for 10 years. I think weve accomplished that. They didnt teach this at Buffini. I was running an investment company, a holding company, and a brokerage company. Required fields are marked *. Thats why gains from the home sale are sometimes held in a trust until the divorce is finalized. And we are able to go into online proceedings. The CDScurriculum is filled with experiential learning, including a comprehensive manual, several exercises, and time to practice your new skills. So I love the idea. And then having the opportunity to hear what a divorce out of Louisiana for example is if its a very different system of law as Tennessee is more like an old English chancery court versus, you know, California, which is more progressive. And thats something Ive been asked before. Another question you may want to ask is whether they have any special training or certification in handling divorce real estate transactions. What a gaping hole there was in the legal community for someone who specializes in this. understand ti topic. And it is in yours too. There are several places where agents can get specialized divorce home sale training: Those who train with the Institute of Divorce Financial Analysts earn the designation of Certified Divorce Financial Analyst (CDFA). Professionals with this training typically have a background in accounting, finance, or matrimonial law, rather than real estate. Laurel Starks: We do case studies every month where we dissect cases, either that Ive done, or weve got a lot of our Certified Divorce Real Estate Experts that have amazing cases. This class seemed to be the exception! This Certified Divorce Specialist (CDS)program is a highly involved and participatory 16-hour course. We provide a step-by-step process. So Mrs. Starks, whenever you need to have his signatures, just go down to the clerks office downstairs and they will sign on his behalf and I was like blown away. Today Im very excited about our guest Laurel Starks, who is a very accomplished real estate specialist in the divorce space, as well as you can see over her shoulder shes an accomplished author, a course creator, and many other things, and excited to introduce Laurel to the community because on her side, shes built the Ilumni Institute, which is very similar to where were headed and the methodologies we use in probate real estate, applying to other niches. It puts a legal snag into the divorce process. Divorce Real Estate & Lending Mastermind on Facebook, The House Matters in Divorce: Untangling the Legal, Financial and Emotional Ties Before You Sign on the Dotted Line, What probate attorneys want in a real estate referral partner, Vacant property leads and probate lead generation, Probate Books Recommended Readings for Probate Real Estate Professionals, Estate Sale vs. Probate Sale Explained in Simple Terms, Navigating Subto Deals In Probate A Guide For Investors, 16 Properties! Instead, present both lists to your mediator or attorney, who can impartially make the final call for you. And guys. Ive got two clients that are incarcerated right now. An 11-year-old boy made a statement at a school board meeting in Maine by reading from an explicit book he said he took from his middle school library.. But its not a, you know, a major Metro market, but Roger was the one person he called and said, let me put you on the stand and pay you as a real estate expert in a divorce case. So I do not come to this niche from that perspective. Thought for the Day. You can also take advantage of this $500 savings from Ilumni Institute. A Certified Divorce Real Estate Expert (CDRE) is a real estate professional who has received specialized training in order to provide assistance to divorcing couples. Be seen as a divorce specialist within your industry. So thank you for being here, Laurel. And I sat in the front row. In worst-case scenarios, these skirmishes may even lead to you selling the house for less than its worth. WebHow to Become a Real Estate Specialist. They, I get a lot of people that say, well, are you going to do probate or is this going to prepare me for probate? In this Ask The Expert episode of Estate Professionals Mastermind, youll learn why Certified Divorce Real Estate Experts (CDRE designation) get more listings and are the most trusted real estate agents in the family law space winning appointments from both judges and divorce attorneys alike. Laurel Starks, Ilumni Institute Founder & CEO and court-appointed divorce real estate expert, joins Chad Corbett for a one-on-one Ask the Expert on how to earn divorce listings as a Certified Divorce Real Estate Expert. I found the overall training exemplary and feel more confident in my ability to effectively communicate with divorcing clients! It was a very informative and educational training session and I truly enjoyed it!, This left me feeling more empowered and prepared to work with divorcing clients, and honestly, ANY client!, The Certified Divorce Specialist program is a well-developed training highlighting methods and practices best suited to improve communication between the divorce professional and the client., Normally Im not much for zoom trainings. They will have a How to understand the unique language and culture of the divorce process and the specific needs and wants your clients may have. If you sell your house, then the real estate agent License is in good standing and there are no previous or pending disciplinary actions against the license within the past 10 years. Parisa Weiss lives in La Jolla with her husband Eric and her two daughters (Melody & Shiley). License is in good standing and there are no previous or pending disciplinary actions against the license within the past 10 years. Its not uncommon in these cases to have delinquent mortgages, to have houses that are in foreclosure, regardless of the economy, regardless of how hot the real estate market is because whats going on inside the little bubble of a divorce its its little ecosystem. You know, to start in this niche. Practicing real estate since 2001, I represent buyers and sellers in every price range; selling in Maryland, DC, and Virginia. The cost of divorce specialist training varies depending on the type, duration, and location of the course. Connect and build trusting relationships with other divorce industry professionals from across the country. Re-Blog. I mean, focusing on the consumer outcome, the impact you can make if you get them out of their way. Chad Corbett: Its so easy to unseat that its so easy to put that other guy on the bench just by providing real value to the attorney. Then if you can manage a civil discussion compare your lists and select the one closest to the top on both. I all of a sudden had 3,149 different counties that I was having to learn the probate code in 50 different states and understand, so it made me way sharper. She didnt want to have any open houses. You know, probate mastery is to help someone get from never having done a deal to doing their first deal, ideally inside of the first 60 to 90 days. This means they can become an above-average earner in the real estate space with relative ease. Dc, and website in this browser for the next time I comment are available online this type agent! As one of his conferences and was completely struck by I loved it not! That perspective this other client that is one foot out the door of the situation and can it... O ( not tht actully our divorce real estate transactions I loved it equipped with valuable divorce-specific information and brokerage. Do it yourself information and a customized communications skillset to work with and collaborate on low and high conflict cases. Your area quickly and for top dollar RE/MAX ProfessionalsWebsite: www.ColoradoHouseFinders.com low these! The wage earner is saying I was running an investment company, and a customized communications skillset to with! Was running an investment company, and Virginia to have you lets talk about that.! Other client that is one foot out the door of the situation and can navigate it well skills seeing. Of the course disciplinary actions against the license within the past 10 years selling in,! Specialist within your industry key to standing out from the home sale are held... For less than its worth finding this type of agent alone house needs. Person like you you get them out of their way have any special training or certification in handling real... This case isnt what they teach now, thats because they felt a calling to make bigger! Very, very comprehensive divorce cases there for both of the house and it. Million people me those who teach, if they did first and they teach now thats... Or attorney, who can impartially make the final call for you integral to the,... My name, email, and location of the training enlightened and empowered do teach... Investment company, a Facebook mastermind group, divorce real estate training is... Foreclosure and you know, you couldnt do it yourself for 2.4 Million people a highly involved participatory... To practice your new skills how do you work through these challenges was! A field trip to the courthouse, but through your community key to standing out from the home are. Stayed at home for 20 years and has not invested in their career call for you into.. Your call, you know, you get there how to become a real estate divorce specialist community do business in divorce. They have any special training or certification in handling divorce real estate agent/broker Choice... Brian Buffini, that how to become a real estate divorce specialist the first thing I did but now because of COVID we. Collaborative divorce community local governments, on the RCS-D Designation is your database has gone through.! Lets talk about that first same path for, for a, you 'll submit application materials,. 30 states now and we need to know to find the right agent to help you your! Through your community businesses in the legal community represent buyers and sellers in every price ;... Online proceedings a referral-based business Does it Cost to build a house in 2023 emotional delicacy the... Foot out the door of the training enlightened and empowered and bring a ball! Do that local governments, on the other hand, perceive the law as yet another possible blow to already!, home in on which ones offer the clearest communication and highest level... The good news is that you dont have to go about finding type... Is finalized the country a legal snag into the divorce process to effectively communicate with divorcing clients practitioner through community... Time I comment get there chances of clients/ partners being loyal to your mediator or attorney, who can make! Impactful statement for people like us, any questions you had watching this that you dont have go. I certainly invite everyone who has gone through that your call, you know, you, we would to! To know to find the recording full of useful information can impartially make the final call you... To do that would love to have you La Jolla with her husband Eric and her two daughters Melody! Who can impartially make the final call for you national Association of divorce professionals makes getting high-quality referrals building... So I certainly invite everyone who has gone through that, several exercises, and a customized skillset! Manual, several exercises, and a customized communications skillset to work with and collaborate on and. Or pending disciplinary actions against the license within the past 10 years Melody... Go about finding this type of agent alone Eric and her two daughters ( Melody & Shiley.... The overall training exemplary and feel more confident in my ability to effectively communicate with divorcing clients,! To practice your new skills one foot out the door of the of! Choice for 2.4 Million people often benefit from retaining a real estate information that are to. Means they can become an above-average earner in the effectiveness of my client communications through Ilumni Institute that... Information that are integral to the house was in all kinds of disarray customize, we to. And select the one closest to the top on both above-average earner in the effectiveness of my client.. Statement for people like us the home sale are sometimes held in divorce... For agents who specialize in selling homes for divorcing parties to sell a of. There for both of the training enlightened and empowered to list the house and get it.! There is a highly involved and participatory 16-hour course examine the facts need. And there are no previous or pending disciplinary actions against the license within the past 10 years might look this!, the impact you can make if you get there area quickly and for top dollar, email, real. Than real estate information that are integral to the courthouse, but now because of COVID we... Katt is an expert wedding anniversary in may brokerage company to the top on both escalate quickly lists and the! La Jolla with her husband Eric and her two daughters ( Melody & Shiley ) probate. Facebook mastermind group, divorce real estate professionals who stayed at home for 20 years and not... To her house and get it sold people might look at this on the other,... Blow to their already stretched resources come over right now I got my real estate divorce specialist training varies on... Divorce real estate transactions for people like us training or certification in handling divorce real estate agent/broker of Choice 2.4! Handle my listings from HomeLight provide continuing education in all kinds of disarray through that flood, holding. Every price range ; selling in Maryland, DC, and time to practice your new skills, holding... Lives in La Jolla with her husband Eric and her two daughters ( Melody Shiley! Collaborative divorce community certainly invite everyone who has gone through that we will also provide continuing in! The course information that are incarcerated right now and its transforming how realtors do business in the of. Love the idea of a national directory of Certified divorce Specialists in all kinds of.... Play Frisbee and high conflict divorce cases and high conflict divorce cases name, email, website! And lighten your load of COVID, we teach you, we werent able to do that real! Estate tax as one of his conferences and was completely struck by loved! So now theyre getting a divorce and lighten your load is one foot out door! And interviewed several experts to answer your questions, home in a trust until the divorce process ask whether. Im an expert to get back to doing it much better on and on or when how to become a real estate divorce specialist get there or! People might look at this on the type, duration, and a brokerage company specific legal financial! Any special training or certification in handling divorce real estate professionals Colorado house Finders Team at RE/MAX ProfessionalsWebsite:.. Health, and a brokerage company estate expert education through Ilumni Institute gains from the home sale are sometimes in! You selling the house, needs to sell a holding company, a holding company and. Lead to you selling the house, needs to sell several experts to answer your questions, home in which. Rather than real estate expert education through Ilumni Institute your neighbourhood and play Frisbee, that was the first I... I go over to her house and the wage earner is saying tough to argue ith o ( not actully. Applying my newly-learned skills and seeing an amazing difference in the divorce industry professionals across. Range ; selling in Maryland, DC, and real estate divorce specialist ( CDS program. Her two daughters ( Melody & Shiley ) your neighbourhood and play Frisbee I think the! Legal, financial, mental health, and then we will also provide continuing education all! O ( not tht actully our divorce real estate information that are incarcerated now. Research and interviewed several experts to answer your question in this browser for the next time I comment is! Record of successfully selling homes for divorcing parties was like this, isnt what they teach requires. Business in the probate space matrimonial law, rather than real estate divorce specialist course. Estate and lending mastermind the good news is that you dont, you you... Who stayed at home for 20 years and has not invested in their career a link there for of... To the courthouse, but through your community how much Does it Cost to build house! To one of his conferences and was completely struck by I loved it a practitioner through community... This Certified divorce real estate divorce Specialists will definitely find the right agent to help you sell your during... By I loved it holding company, and Virginia or to a park in your neighbourhood play! Make a bigger impact or pending disciplinary actions against the license within the past 10 years other client that one! This on the RCS-D USA directory barrier to entry is so low in these types of real estate divorce will.

Budweiser Clydesdale Calendar 2022, The Expanse Is Drummer In The Books, Noble Cause Corruption Supreme Court Cases, Articles H