what are the key towns of the river trent

(Until the late 18th century, a long period of stagnation for economic and technical reasons limited the number of bridges over the Trent; it has been noted that relatively few bridges were constructed in England on new sites anywhere between around 12501300 and 1750. The lowest flows for the river were recorded during the drought of 1976, following the dry winter of 1975/6. The programme of monitoring also extended to taking biological samples, and one of the first biotic indices used for assessing the ecological rather than the chemical quality of rivers was developed by the local river board in the 1960s. [95], During the early 1930s, the company considered enlarging the navigation above Nottingham, in conjunction with improvements to the River Soar Navigation, between Trent Lock and Leicester. The Trent historically marked the boundary between Northern England and Southern England. Having taken over responsibility for the waterway, the Transport Commission enlarged Newark Town lock in 1952, and the flood lock at Holme was removed to reduce the risk of flooding in Nottingham. In 1683 the same bridge was partially destroyed by a flood that also meant the loss of the bridge at Newark. As it enters the city, it passes the suburbs of Beeston, Clifton and Wilford; where it is joined by the Leen. Food was scarce, "in one day 10,000 loaves had to be sent into the town and distributed gratuitously to save people from famine". This combination can produce a water-logged catchment that can respond rapidly in terms of runoff, to any additional rainfall. The engineer for the Manchester Ship Canal, Sir Edward Leader Williams, was commissioned to survey the river, while negotiations with the North Staffordshire Railway, who owned the Trent and Mersey Canal and had maintained its viability, ensured that some of the clauses from previous Acts of Parliament did not prevent progress. [18][19] Researchers using aerial photographs and historical maps have identified many of these palaeochannel features, a well-documented example being the meander cutoff at Sawley. They have also now been sighted at locations such as Wolseley, Willington, and Attenborough. [183][184], The Trent Valley Way created in 1998 as a long-distance footpath, enables walkers to enjoy the combined attractions of the rivers rich natural heritage and its history as an inland navigation. To rob me of so rich a bottom here. [11] To the north-east of Burton the river is joined by the River Dove at Newton Solney and enters Derbyshire, before passing between the villages of Willington and Repton where it turns directly east to reach Swarkestone Bridge. Much of the river's route, with the exception of the city of Derby, is rural. Brian/CC BY-SA 2.0. See answer (1) Copy. The National Watersports Centre at Holme Pierrepont, near Nottingham combines facilities for many of these sports, including rowing, sailing and whitewater canoeing. [156] Competition from other fisheries such as well stocked ponds and lakes with better amenities and more consistent catches of fish also meant a reduction in the appeal of fishing the Trent. At Besthorpe near Newark, breeding pairs of little egrets and grey herons have been observed. The river continues north-east, passing the village of Walton-on-Trent until it reaches the large town of Burton upon Trent. [41], The lower sequences of these terraces have been widely quarried for sand and gravel, and the extraction of these minerals continues to be an important industry in the Trent Valley, with some three million tonnes of aggregates being produced each year. These cities lie on the river Trent: Stoke-on-Trent. [117] Angling clubs in Burton used the Dove or local lakes for fishing, as the Trent through the town was absent of any fish. Today, exploring the lovely old riverside buildings provides a great family day out. The river channel links the remaining, but fragmented wetland areas and nature reserves, providing a refuge for native and migrant species. [59], The River Soar which drains the majority of the county of Leicestershire, could also be considered as the second largest tributary, as it has a larger catchment area than the Dove or Derwent, but its discharge is significantly less than the Derwent, and lower than the Dove. It flows through the bustling city of Nottingham, the market town of Newark and the rural Trent Vale. Derwent - Trent Rivers Trust Derwent The River Derwent catchment covers 1,194km 2, its headwaters starting on Howden Moor in the Dark Peak. It also includes the green spaces and gardens of . Flowing for 143 miles, the vast waterway is the fourth-longest in the UK and its history is . [69][70][71], In the lower tidal reaches the Trent has a high sediment load, this fine silt which is also known as warp', was used to improve the soil by a process known as warping, whereby river water was allowed to flood into adjacent fields through a series of warping drains, enabling the silt to settle out across the land. [138][139][140][141], The Trent valley also links together other SSSI and local nature reserves, which have varying habitats not only for birds, but also mammals, insects and fish, a good example is the tributary River Mease where the entire watercourse has been designated both as a SSSI and a European special area of conservation. [29]:29[35], The less populous rural areas are offset by a number of large urbanised areas including the conurbations of Stoke-on-Trent, Birmingham and the surrounding Black Country in the West Midlands; and in the East Midlands the major university cities and historical county seats of Leicester, Derby and Nottingham. Wading birds such as Eurasian oystercatcher and great bittern have also been observed at the reserve; as have kingfishers, reed warblers and water rails. The Trent and Tame River Valleys Futurescape includes rivers, farmland and wetlands,. The most important in terms of the river are the extensive sandstone and limestone aquifers that underlie many of the tributary catchments. The bridges at Wolseley, Wychnor and the main span at Swarkestone were all destroyed. Nottingham seems to have been the ancient head of navigation until the Restoration, due partly to the difficult navigation of the Trent Bridge. The otters and non-native American mink also use the river as wildlife route. Rampton. [23], On 1718 March 1947 the Trent overtopped its banks in Nottingham. The river frontage in the town is lined with warehouses, that were once used when the town was an inland port, many of which have been renovated for modern use. [155], Analysis of catch returns from 1969 to 1985, showed that the fish caught most often by anglers were barbel, bream, bleak, carp, chub, dace, eel, gudgeon, perch, and roach. The Travellers' Dictionary of Quotations: Who Said What, About Where? [57][84][85] Two days later, in the lower tidal reaches of the river, the peak of the flood combined with a high spring tide to flood villages and 2,000 properties in Gainsborough. [95], With traffic still between 350,000 and 400,000 tonnes per year, Frank Rayner became the engineer in 1896, and the company were persuaded that major work was necessary if the navigation was to survive. [177], The primary reason for locating so many generating stations beside the Trent was the availability of sufficient amounts of cooling water from the river. An Act of Parliament was obtained in 1794, and the existing proprietors subscribed the whole of the authorised capital of 13,000 (equivalent to 1,590,000 in 2021),[93] themselves. In quantity equals not one of yours: This proposal formed the basis for an Act of Parliament obtained in 1783, which also allowed a horse towing path to be built. The medieval bridges of Burton and Nottingham survived relatively intact until the 1860s, when both were replaced and demolished. [118] Written records show that in the 12th century landlords were paid in salmon, in lieu of rent at Burton upon Trent. Throughout history, the river has been a main route for trade and travel. [162] One of the earliest known fords was the crossing at Littleborough, constructed by the Romans it was paved with flagstones, and supported by substantial timber pilings. For that I am the mere of England, that divides [98][99], Down river of Shardlow, the non-tidal river is navigable as far as the Cromwell Lock near Newark, except in Nottingham (Beeston Cut & Nottingham Canal) and just west of Nottingham, where there are two lengths of canal, Sawley and Cranfleet cuts. A third Act of 1892 reverted the name to the Trent Navigation Company, and this time, some improvements were performed. [116][171], At Stapenhill near Burton, there were similar calls for a new bridge, a tally of usage showed that the foot ferry was being used 700 times per day. 4 - River Great Ouse - (Estimated Length: 143 Miles) Wiki Info: The River Great Ouse is a river in the United Kingdom, the longest of several British rivers called "Ouse". It combines riverside and towpath sections, with other paths to villages and places of interest in the wider valley. There were corresponding increases in dissolved oxygen, an indicator of a healthy river environment. Particular examples included one of 8 feet (2.4m) taken near Donington castle in 1255, and another at King's Mill of 7 feet (2.1m) in 1791. The two men refused to allow any cargo to be landed which was not carried in their own boats, and so created a monopoly. Below Cromwell lock, the Trent is tidal, and therefore only navigable by experienced, well-equipped boaters. [16] An abandoned channel at Repton is described on an old map as 'Old Trent Water', records show that this was once the main navigable route, with the river having switched to a more northerly course in the 18th century. [94], The aim of the improvements was to increase the minimum depth from 2 feet (0.6m) to 3 feet (0.9m). Unusually for an English river, the channel altered significantly during historic times, and has been described as being similar to the Mississippi in this respect, especially in its middle reaches, where there are numerous old meanders and cut-off loops. February27February 27, 2023. key towns of river bann. [59], Alphabetical listing of tributaries, extracted from the Water Framework Directive list of water bodies for the River Trent:[206], Trent Bridge, with Nottingham in the background, West Bridgford in the floods of March 1947, Holme Sluices: part of the Nottingham flood defences, Trent Valley Sailing Club near Trent Lock. [73][74], The Trent is widely known for its tendency to cause significant flooding along its course, and there is a well documented flood history extending back for some 900 years. [89], In 1748, merchants from Nottingham attempted to end this monopoly by landing goods on the banks and into carts, but Fosbrooke used his ferry rope to block the river, and then created a bridge by mooring boats across the channel, and employing men to defend them. The work was completed by October 1773, and the separate tolls remained in force until 1783, when they were replaced by a one-shilling (5p) toll whichever channel the boats used. [78][79] In Nottingham, residents of Narrow Marsh were trapped by the floodwaters in their first floor rooms, boats were used to take supplies to those stranded. [177][179], The three largest remaining coal-fired stations at Ratcliffe, Cottam and West Burton still use domestic coal supplies, although this is now being replaced by imported coal brought by ship from abroad. [114], Although he provided land for a sewage works nearby at Strongford, the problems continued such that in 1905 the Levenson-Gower family left Trentham altogether and moved to their other properties, including Dunrobin Castle in Scotland. [90] The canal ran parallel to the upper river to Burton upon Trent, where new wharfs and warehouses at Horninglow served the town, and the Burton Boat Company were unable to repair the damaged reputation of the river created by their predecessors. The total length is 80 miles (129 km). More improvements followed between 1957 and 1960. Due to the size of the flood and the ice entrained in the flow, nearly every bridge along the Trent was badly damaged or washed away. Downstream of the reservoir it passes through Stoke-on-Trent and merges with the Lyme, Fowlea and other brooks that drain the six towns of the Staffordshire Potteries to become the River Trent. Navigation can be difficult, and there have been a number of incidents with ships running aground and in one case, striking Keadby Bridge. The River Trent is the third-longest river in the United Kingdom. The river flows in a southerly direction for fifty miles before reaching it's estuary on the Hamoaze, situated on Plymouth Sound in the English Channel. Its source is in Staffordshire on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. '[150] A list composed in 1641 for the Trent, contained thirty types of fish and other species including those that migrated from the sea such as shad, smelt, salmon and flounder, and riverine species such as trout, grayling, perch and pike. This was caused by fumes rising from the river. [149], The Domesday catalogue showed that there were many successful mills and fisheries along the Trent. The flood bank was subsequently strengthened and repaired, following further floods during 1824 and 1852. [157], Recreational fishing is still popular, although anglers no longer line the banks as they once did. A vestige of the saline marshes created by the brine springs that seep from the groundwater of the Mercia mudstones, the reserve contains salt tolerant species normally found on the coast, such as sea plantain, arrowgrass and milkwort. What is the River Trent used for? Historically, these issues resulted in a considerable deterioration in the water quality of both the Trent and its tributaries, especially the Tame. Nissan says the SUVs have jackknife folding keys that may not stay fully open. Lord Paget leased the navigation and the wharf at Burton to George Hayne, while the wharf and warehouses at Wilden were leased by Leonard Fosbrooke, who held the ferry rights and was a business partner of Hayne. "[10], The Trent rises within the Staffordshire Moorlands district, near the village of Biddulph Moor, from a number of sources including the Trent Head Well. In 1823 and again in 1831, the Newark Navigation Commissioners proposed improvements to the river, so that larger vessels could be accommodated, but the Trent Navigation Company were making a good profit, and did not see the need for such work. Welsh rhyd, "ford") in various place names along the Trent, such as Hill Ridware, as well as the Old Englishderived ford. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=River_Trent&oldid=1132366164, This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 14:59. [136][137], Other managed wetland sites along the river include Beckingham Marshes, Croxall Lakes, Drakelow, and Willington Gravel Pits. Later improvements such as the series of purification lakes that were constructed on the Tame in the 1980s, which allowed contaminated sediment to settle out from the river, also reduced pollution levels, and lessened the impact of first flush runoff events in the lower Tame and the middle Trent. The second and third largest are the Derwent and the Dove respectively; together these two rivers drain the majority of Derbyshire and Staffordshire, including the upland areas of the Peak District. [176], The tall chimneys and concave shaped cooling towers of the many power stations are a dominant and familiar presence within the open landscape of the Trent valley, which has been widely used for power generation since the 1940s. [59][66], The Trent has marked variations in discharge, with long term average monthly flows at Colwick fluctuating from 45m3/s (1,600cuft/s) in July during the summer, and increasing to 151m3/s (5,300cuft/s) in January. The Act gave him absolute control over the building of any wharves and warehouses above Nottingham Bridge. [59], In terms of rainfall the Derwent receives the highest annual average rainfall, whereas the Devon, which has the lowest average rainfall is the driest catchment of those tabulated. Open water swimming still takes place at locations including Colwick Park Lake adjacent to the river, with its own voluntary lifeguards. The changes were helped by the introduction of more stringent pollution control legislation, which required industrial waste to be discharged to sewers, and the formation of the Trent River Authority, which had new duties relating to managing water quality issues. As water quality improved from the 1960s onwards, fish numbers recovered, and recreational coarse fishing became more popular. The major proposals included a cut and lock at Cranfleet, where the River Soar joins the Trent, a cut, locks and weirs at Beeston, which would connect with the Nottingham Canal at Lenton, and a cut and lock at Holme Pierrepont. Associated British Ports, the navigation authority for the river from Gainsborough to Trent Falls, insist that anyone in charge of a boat must be experienced at navigating in tidal waters. River Great Ouse. Sir Ernest Jardine, who as vice-chairman had partly funded the first lock at Cromwell in 1908, died in 1947, and the company ceased to exist in 1948 when the waterways were nationalised. Last Thursday, its senior eight were out rowing when [7] This may indeed indicate a river that is prone to flooding. There is thought to be a complex succession of at least six separate gravel terrace systems along the river, deposited when a much larger Trent flowed through the existing valley, and along its ancestral routes through the water gaps at Lincoln and Ancaster. [47][148] More definitive finds from the medieval period were also found at this site and near Colwick. In an attempt to improve the situation, the company toyed with the idea of cable-hauled steam tugs, but instead purchased a conventional steam dredger and some steam tugs. Up to 0.3 metres (1ft) of deposition could occur in a single season, and depths of 1.5 metres (5ft) have been accumulated over time at some locations. After passing the site of High Marnham power station, it becomes the approximate boundary between Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire and reaches the only toll bridge along its course at Dunham on Trent. [29], Land use is predominantly rural, with some three-quarters of the Trent catchment given over to agriculture. These include the Sherwood sandstones that occur beneath much of eastern Nottinghamshire, the Permian Lower Magnesian limestone and the carboniferous limestone in Derbyshire. After this confluence, the river turns north-east and is joined by the Soar before reaching the outskirts of Nottingham, where it is joined by the Erewash near the Attenborough nature reserve and enters Nottinghamshire. This ranges from moorland grazing of sheep in the upland areas, through to improved pasture and mixed farms in the middle reaches, where dairy farming is important. Extended in 2012, the route now runs from Trent Lock in the south through to Alkborough where the river meets the Humber. The upper Bann rises in the Mourne Mountains and flows northwest to Lough (lake) Neagh. [26] This took place in 1593 so would have been a contemporary topic in the Shakespearean period. [5][6], The name "Trent" is possibly from a Romano-British word meaning "strongly flooding". Hayne's lease expired in 1762, and Lord Paget's son, the Earl of Uxbridge, gave the new lease to the Burton Boat Company. It is situated mainly on the west bank of the River Trent and on the Grand Trunk (Trent and Mersey) Canal. Despite a Chancery injunction against them, the two men continued with their action. Plans for new larger locks at Beeston and Wilford were abandoned when the Trent Catchment Board opposed them. An extra set of gates were added to Cromwell lock in 1935, effectively creating a second lock, while the Lenton to Trent Lock section was leased from the LNER in 1936, and ultimately purchased in 1946. At least one other medieval attempt was made to bridge the Trent near Wilden at Hemington, but this was gone long before the end of the Middle Ages. Lord Paget seems to have funded the work privately, building locks at King's Mill and Burton Mills and several cuts and basins. the river flowed over major road routes. John Jennings MP for Burton-upon-Trent, 1956. Navigation was then extended to Wilden Ferry, near to the more recent Cavendish Bridge, as a result of the efforts of the Fosbrooke family of Shardlow. Facts about the River Trent 5: the native and migrant species. [115][123], The improvements in water quality along the Trent were recorded through the chemical monitoring of the river from the 1950s. The north part from the south, on my so either sides, [177], Once these early stations reached the end of their functional life, they were usually demolished, although in some cases the sites have been retained and redeveloped as gas fired power stations. The current state of knowledge and proposals for future research", "Cavendish Bridge Conservation Area Appraisal and Study", "Coal-Fired Power Plants in East England & the Midlands", "Strategic Priorities for Water Related Recreation in the Midlands", "Burton-upon-Trent: Social and cultural activities", "Tom Milner swims 139 miles in nine days", "Tom Milner completes River Trent Challenge", "National Water Sports Centre About Us", "Report on the investigation of Nottingham Princess striking Trent Bridge Nottingham", "Water Framework Directive Surface Water Classification Status and Objectives 2012 csv file", Photographs along the Trent in Nottingham from Nottingham21, Predictive Modelling of Multi-Period Geoarchaeological Resources at a River Confluence. [126][127], Although now considered cleaner, there are still problems with diffuse pollution from agricultural runoff and urban areas, as well as point source contamination from sewage works. In Nottingham a cart overturned in the floodwaters near the Wilford Road and six people drowned, dwellings nearby were flooded to a depth of 6 feet (1.8m). [27] At the end of the Wolstonian Stage (c. 130,000 years ago) a mass of stagnant ice left in the Vale of Belvoir caused the river to divert north along the old Lincoln river, through the Lincoln gap, along what is now the course of the Witham. [172][173], The toll bridges were mostly bought out by the county councils in the 19th century following government reforms, one of the earliest being Willington in 1898, the first toll free crossing was marked by a procession across the bridge and a day of celebration. It flows through the most frequented national Park in the country - The Peak District. The Dadfords, who were engineers on the Trent and Mersey Canal, estimated the cost at 20,000, but the proposal was opposed by landowners and merchants on the river, while the Navigator, published in 1788, estimated that around 500 men who were employed to bow-haul boats would have lost their jobs. Tolls were reduced to retain the traffic, wages were increased to retain the workforce, and they sought amalgamation with a railway company. This resulted in the release of raw sewage and the chemical into the river, killing thousands of fish, and posing a health risk to river users as far south as Burton. The two locks at Cromwell became one, capable of holding eight Trent barges, dredging equipment was updated, and several of the locks were mechanised. The River Trent was a major working river until after the Second World War. [33][85], Flooding on the Trent can also be caused by the effects of storm surges independently of fluvial flows, a series of which occurred during October and November 1954, resulting in the worse tidal flooding experienced along the lower reaches. The Trent drains a large portion of south-central Ontario, including most of the Kawartha Lakes and their supplying watersheds. The use of a maritime pilot on the Trent is not compulsory for commercial craft, but is suggested for those without any experience of the river. The majority of these urban areas are in the upper reaches of either the Trent itself, as is the case with Stoke, or its tributaries. Nottingham Corporation invested some 450,000 on building the locks authorised by the 1906 Act, starting with Holme lock on 28 September 1921, and finishing with Hazelford lock, which was formally opened by Neville Chamberlain on 25 June 1926. There is a canoe slalom course at Stone, a purpose built 700m (2,300ft) artificial course at Holme Pierrepont, and various weirs including those at Newark and Sawley are all used for whitewater paddling. The Trent Aegir tidal bore. key towns of river bann. Polluting substances such as ammonia showed a reduction, as did the biochemical oxygen demand, an indicator of the contamination present in the river. [100][101] [95], Increased running costs after the First World War could not be met by increasing the tolls, as the company had no statutory powers to do so, and so suggested that the Ministry of Transport should take over the navigation, which they did from 24 September 1920. [34] The wide Humber estuary has often been described as the boundary between the Midlands and the north of England. Underlying the upper reaches of the Trent, are formations of Millstone Grit and Carboniferous Coal Measures which include layers of sandstones, marls and coal seams. [109][110] This divide was also described in Michael Drayton's epic topographical poem, Poly-Olbion, The Sixe and Twentieth Song, 1622: And of the British floods, though but the third I be, He reported that they could be treacherous to the unwary, since there were few gauges to show if the river had become too deep to cross, and that they were rarely used except by locals. [72], Warp was also used as a commercial product, after being collected from the river banks at low tide, it was transported along the Chesterfield Canal to Walkeringham where it was dried out and refined to be eventually sold as a silver polish for cutlery manufacturers. Historic flood levels have also been recorded at Girton and on the churchyard wall at Collingham. [46]:3647 Four of these main tributaries, including the Dove and Derwent which drain the upland Peak District, all join within the middle reaches, giving rise to a comparatively energetic river system for the UK. In. The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in past times often caused the river to . It was a Viking winter camp. As they were a source of income, they were recorded in the Domesday Book at a number of locations including Weston on Trent and Fiskerton, both of which were still in operation in the middle of the 20th century. And cuts me from the best of all my land The Trent now flows south-east past the town of Rugeley until it reaches Kings Bromley where it meets the Blithe. Later, in 1699, the baron William Paget (Lord Paget), who owned coal mines and land in the area, obtained an Act of Parliament to extend navigation up to Fleetstones Bridge, Burton, despite opposition from the people of Nottingham. From Syresham in central England, the Great Ouse flows into East Anglia before entering the Wash, a bay of the North Sea. 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In Nottingham men continued with their action it also includes the green spaces and of... Flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in past times often caused the river Trent 5 the... 1593 so would have been observed fishing became more popular for 143,. Said What, About where, is rural what are the key towns of the river trent, and they sought amalgamation with a railway Company Trent... Terms of the Kawartha Lakes and their supplying watersheds as it enters the city of Nottingham, the market of..., farmland and wetlands, at Collingham but fragmented wetland areas and nature reserves, a... Tame river Valleys Futurescape includes Rivers, farmland and wetlands, and near Colwick estuary has often described! As the boundary between the Midlands and the rural Trent Vale Burton and Nottingham survived relatively intact the. A major working river until after the Second World War Act of 1892 reverted the name to river! Until it reaches the large town of Newark and the main span at Swarkestone were destroyed. Jackknife folding keys that may not stay fully open during 1824 and 1852 otters and non-native American mink also the. Of Newark and the main span at Swarkestone were all destroyed this indeed... Suburbs of Beeston, Clifton and Wilford were abandoned when the Trent and )... Rising from the river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring,.

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