[citation needed], As socialist meetings and press had been banned in Germany, Steinmetz fled to Zrich in 1889 to escape possible arrest. [36] Now considering how much people liked to exaggerate Steinmetzs stories, you can take this one with a grain of salt. Kansas City Invention Convention; ANNUAL REPORT. Charles P. Steinmetz, AIEE President, 1901 - 1902, worked on inventions for electric motors, generators, and street cars. Then he finally got to algebra and geometry and mathematics became his favorite subject. [34] Charles P. Steinmetz quoted in 1879 Edison Day Oct 21, 1914 The Saturday Evening Post (Oct 17, 1914), 1. Charles Proteus Steinmetz/Cause of death ABOUT. Charles Steinmetz Papers, Schenectady County Historical Society, Schenectady, New York. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. In just a few years, Steinmetz would prove his American friend right. In Schenectady, Steinmetz used his influence to create the first industrial cooperative research institute ever, the first consulting department ever, and the first electrical engineering department that was part of a liberal college in the United States (and was influential towards promoting a rounded EE department in colleges everywhere), and was so influential towards the survival of GE that he was allowed to do whatever he wanted. Soon he had groups of partiers visiting every summer weekend for long parties and constant attempts to dam the river. Jonathan Norton Leonard. However, these early cars were very difficult to operate especially for Steinmetz with his physical limitations, so he started to tinker with them and by March 1920 declared that he had made a better system and actually formed his own company, the Steinmetz Electric Motor Car Company.[23] Some Steinmetz trucks were produced in 1922 and had very good press.[24]. He was too lazy to eat.. STEINMETZ, CHARLESElectrical engineer and socialist Charles Proteus Steinmetz (1865-1923), born in Breslau, Germany, on April 9, was a public figure of the Progressive Era who tried to engineer a better society by creating an early code of engineering ethics, running for political office, and advocating a technocratic form of socialism. When the engineers complied, the generator was fixed! Birthday parties included liquids and gasses exploding in Bunsen burners scattered decoratively around the house. | [27] Although Einstein was very busy so it seems unlikely that they spoke for hours, they did both speak German (and Einstein didnt speak English at the time) so they probably talked a bit at least. Steinmetz was born Karl August Rudolph Steinmetz on April 9, 1865 in Breslau, Province of Silesia, Prussia (now Wrocaw, Poland) the son of Caroline (Neubert) and Karl Heinrich Steinmetz. Steinmetz also greatly advanced the understanding of lightning. [26][d] He died on October 26, 1923, and was buried in Vale Cemetery in Schenectady. As socialist meetings and press had been banned in Germany, Steinmetz fled to Zrich in 1888 to escape possible arrest. Edison beamed, and the two continued their silent conversation in front of bewildered reporters. According to Scott, Steinmetz listened to the generator and scribbled computations on the notepad for two straight days and nights. Steinmetz, Charles Proteus. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Rutgers University Press, 2005. These were conducted in a football field-sized laboratory at General Electric, using 120,000 volt generators. At General Electric, Steinmetz gained an expanded opportunity for research and implementation of his ideas. In 1893 he developed a simplified symbolic method of calculating alternating-current phenomena. Soon, Steinmetz was dining each night in his home with Hayden and his wife, Corrine, a stout, round-faced French-Canadian. Share This To Your Friends: Your email address will not be published. [7] George Wise Willis R. Whitney, General Electric and the Origins of US Industrial Research, (Columbia University Press, 1985), 1897. Ford, whose electrical engineers couldnt solve some problems they were having with a gigantic generator, called Steinmetz in to the plant. He also erected a lightning tower to attract natural lightning to study its patterns and effects, which resulted in several theories.[19]. In Greek mythology, Proteus was a cave-dwelling prophetic old man who always returned to his human formthat of a hunchback. The problem that Steinmetz faced was that electrical engineers were not taught enough mathematics to understand his new mathematical treatment of problems using complex numbers. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. This research led him directly to a study of alternating current, which could eliminate hysteresis loss in motors. He soon obtained a job with a small electrical firm owned by Rudolf Eickemeyer in Yonkers, N.Y. At about the same time, Steinmetz Americanized his first name to Charles and substituted Proteus, a university nickname, for his two middle names. In 1894 he arrived in. Floyd Miller. Charles Proteus Steinmetz, Inventor. www.yonkershistory.org. Since he deals exclusively with empirical science and its applications, the engineer forgets, or never realizes, that there are other branches of human thought equally important as factors of broad education and intellectual development.[15] Soon most electrical engineering departments required a rounded education for their students, a practice that continues to this day. Walter Hines Page, Arthur Wilson Page, The Worlds Work: A History of Our Time, Volume 8. By 1914, as I said before, Steinmetz agreed to let Edison use his words and images to promote Edisons battery. April 9, 1865 In 1893 the newly formed General Electric Company purchased Eickemeyers company, primarily for his patents, but Steinmetz was considered one of its major assets. , On May 1, 1729 a retired clothing dyer noticed a single feather moving in a, How did gold lead to the first rules of electricity? The Hayden children had a grandfather, Daddy Steinmetz, who ensured that they grew up in a household filled with wonder. How can we avoid the occurrence of weld porosity? They just made up the whole department as they had no electrical engineering department, heck, they had no electrical engineering classes before him. The Story of Steinmetz and Joseph LeRoy Hayden, Steinmetz, Albert Einstein & Thomas Edison, American Institute of Electrical Engineers, https://nyheritage.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/schmuse/id/119/rec/5, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ddmM3EAzwY, Steinmetz-Wizard-of-Schenectady-video-script, How the Inquisition led to the Vacuum Pump, The True Father of Electricity: Stephen Gray, Georg Matthias Bose: Crazy Experiments of the Enlightenment, Charles Proteus Steinmetz Biography - Kathy Loves Physics. [28] Charles Steinmetz Four Lectures on Relativity and Space (McGraw-Hill, 1923), v. [29] Man-Made Lightning Under Control Schenectady Works, vol. Meanwhile, Steinmetz then decided to build his own house, factory, and conservatory, which were described as a Den of incomprehensible perplexity.[9] Steinmetz also bought a little shack on the side of a river as a vacation spot. 5, No. z l] (electromagnetism) The energy converted into heat per unit volume per cycle during a cyclic change of magnetization is proportional to the maximum magnetic induction raised to the 1.6 power, the constant of proportionality depending only on the material. Why dont you come and live with me? he asked. Charles Steinmetz and Thomas Edison each enjoy a cigar as they take a short respite from a tour of the GE plant in 1922. He felt that America, has given me everything I wanted the only criticism which I can make is that I would far more enjoy my advantages if I knew that everybody else could enjoy the same. Unfortunately, both Steinmetz and the mayor Lunn lost. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He went first to Zurich, then, in 1889 arrived in the United States. Soon after his arrival, he went to work for Eickemeyer and Osterheld, a company in Yonkers, New York, and he identified and explained, through a mathematical equation that later became known as the Law of Hysterisis, or Steinmetzs Law, phenomena governing power losses, leading to breakthroughs in both alternating- and direct-current electrical systems. Of course, my dear, Steinmetz replied, stifling a huge grin. As I said before, GE was delighted and decided to use this meeting to promote the company and worked overtime to promote the Steinmetz-Edison connection and the story of Steinmetz, which is why they photoshopped that picture of Einstein and Steinmetz so it looked like it was just the two of them. [further explanation needed] He was a member and adviser to the fraternity Phi Gamma Delta at Union College, whose chapter house was one of the first electrified residences. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". One appeared on the letters page of Life magazine in 1965, after the magazine had printed a story on Steinmetz. Both during his life and after his death, Charles Proteus Steinmetz was often referred to as the Wizard of Schenectady. However, when I looked into his life, most of his famous contributions occurred when he arrived in America, penniless, with no English or practical engineering skills in June of 1889 (he was a political refugee from Germany due to his socialist beliefs), and when he was transferred to Schenectady in February of 1894. Steinmetz developed a symbolic method of calculating alternating-current phenomena and in so doing simplified an extremely complicated and barely understood field so that the average engineer could work with alternating current. It took two more years, but in 1915, both the mayor and Steinmetz won and Steinmetz stayed focused on education issues for the rest of his life. Steinmetz third major scientific achievement was in the study and theory of electrical transientsthat is, changes in electrical circuits of very short duration. Gilbert King is a contributing writer in history for Smithsonian.com. Steinmetz had actually built the device in the fall of 1921 after Steinmetzs vacation cabin was struck by lightning two summers before. Steinmetz legally adopted Joseph Hayden as his son, becoming grandfather to the youngsters, entertaining them with fantastic stories and spectacular scientific demonstrations. [20], Steinmetz wrote 13 books and 60 articles, not exclusively about engineering. The picture shows Steinmetz with the grandchildren Midge, Billy, Joe, and his adopted son, Joseph Hayden in 1914. Alternate titles: Karl August Rudolf Steinmetz. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998. [40], Steinmetz is featured in John Dos Passos' U.S.A. trilogy in one of the biographies. [20] Steinmetz speaks on WGY radio miSci Museum of Innovation and Science, https://nyheritage.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/schmuse/id/269/rec/167. Steinmetz soon moved into a rented house with his assistant, Ernst Berg where they were often joined by Ernsts brother Eskil visiting from Sweden. He spent the entire weekend painstakingly reconstructing the mirror, placing the slivers between two panes of glass. [6] Hammond, Charles Proteus Steinmetz, 239. Note that this guy is not Nikola Tesla but instead the engineer John Carson who I mention in my video about the history of FM radio (he is the one who said that FM wouldnt work to remove static and said, static, like the poor will always be with us)[26] Many years after the event GE claimed that Steinmetz and Einstein hung out for hours after this and talked about science, engineering, and socialism. Betty M. Adelson. But according to Steinmetz, a mere high voltage is not lightning and has no similarity to lightning in its action and effects.[32] Instead, you need something that produces high voltage and high current to create a lot of power for a short period of time. | READ MORE. Oct. 26, 1923, National Inventors Hall of Fame Instagram, Leadership Intern Program (High School & College Students), Apply for the Collegiate Inventors Competition. 11 What did Charles Steinmetz do at General Electric? He possessed a marvelous insight into all scientific phenomena and an unequaled ability to explain the most difficult and abstruse problems by systematic mathematical methods. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. A prime example of this phenomenon is lightning, and Steinmetz investigation of lightning phenomena resulted in his theory of traveling waves and opened the way for his development of devices to protect high-power transmission lines from lightning bolts. One can see the delight and love Steinmetz had for his grandchildren from his photographs of them and their remembrances of their doting grand-daddy. His systematic experiments resulted in the first laboratory created man-made lightning, earning him the nickname the Forger of Thunderbolts. Steinmetz thoroughly enjoyed the comparison. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Schenectady County Historical Society 32 Washington Ave. Schenectady, NY 12305 518-374-0263 . He arrived at Ellis Island in 1888 and was nearly turned away because he was a dwarf, but an American friend whom Steinmetz was traveling with convinced immigration officials that the young German Ph.D. was a genius whose presence would someday benefit all of America. He expressed his desire to communicate his fundamental knowledge to others in the sfimulating instruction he gave to his assistants at the General Electric and in the publication of a large number of scientific papers and electrical books, which have long been accepted as standard textbooks in colleges, laboratories, and workshops. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE), American Institute of Electrical Engineers, International Municipal Signal Association (IMSA), "Theory of the General Alternating Current Transformer", "The Natural Period of a Transmission Line and the Frequency of Lightning Discharge Therefrom", "Speed Regulation of Prime Movers and Parallel Operation of Alternators", "The Value of the Classics in Engineering Education", "The death of energy and the second law of thermodynamics, with particular reference to the thermodynamics of the atmosphere", "Charles Proteus Steinmetz, the Wizard of Schenectady", "Charles Steinmetz: Union's Electrical Wizard", "Steinmetz, Putting it in Perspective - R, L, and C Elements and the Impedance Concept", Charles Steinmetz: Improvements to Alternating Current Motor, "Steinmetz electric car 1914 - Steinmetz, Charles", "Charles Proteus Steinmetz, Pioneer of Alternating Current", "Technology innovator to headline Steinmetz Memorial Lecture - Union College", "Dr. Charles Proteus Steinmetz memorial lecture series", "Steinmetz Symposium: Celebrating 25 years of student research", "Charles P. Steinmetz Scholarship (Union College-NY) Scholarship Library", "Steinmetz car gets prominent spot at Union College", "Steinmetz Car drives into the spotlight", "American Inventors, September 21, 1983, Smithsonian Postal Museum", "Edison, Steinmetz statues slated for park near Schenectady GE", "The Fine Line between Poetry and Mathematics", "Starling Lawrence Writes a Novel About the Early Days of G.E", "Charles Proteus Steinmetz, The Man Who Either Tamed Lightning, Created Lightning, Neither, or Both", "Charles Steinmetz: Scientist and Socialist (18651923): Including the Complete Steinmetz-Lenin Correspondence", "Book Review: Alternating Current Phenomena", Charles Proteus Steinmetz, the Wizard of Schenectady, Charles Proteus Steinmetz: Accomplishments and Life, Newspaper clippings about Charles Proteus Steinmetz, Dual-rotor permanent magnet induction motor (DRPMIM), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Proteus_Steinmetz&oldid=1132596786, Members of the Socialist Party of America, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2015, Articles with German-language sources (de), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, At Union College, as chair of electrical engineering from 1902 to 1913, First vice-president of the International Association of Municipal Electricians (IAME) {which later became the, This page was last edited on 9 January 2023, at 16:58. In the fall of 1923, Steinmetz was invited to give a talk at the American Institute of Electrical Engineers in Del Monte, California. See, in January 1914, Steinmetz gave a talk with the title of The Future of Automobiling Belongs to the Electic as gas cars were very expensive and, unlike a horse, an electric car requires no attention.[21] Edison immediately asked Steinmetz if he could add that the electric car requires no attention if equipped with an Edison battery.[22] Steinmetz agreed and even signed the ad and Edison used this and his image to promote the Edison battery. Later he was naturalized, and became interested in politics in Schenectady. Charles Proteus Steinmetz (April 9, 1865, - October 26, 1923) was born in Breslau, Prussia (part of Germany at the time) (now known as Wroclaw, Poland). Search the catalog. The Wizard of Schenectady was gone. However, over time, he faded from the public view and now he is virtually unknown to most people, which I find tragic. Charles Steinmetz (near center) sitting next to Edwin Houston and in front of T. Commerford Martin, See also: Papers of Charles Proteus Steinmetz. . Now what was so influential about this demonstration was not just that artificial lightning was amazing and it is a good idea to test arrestors but that it caused a reunion between Edison and GE, a reunion that GE used to promote themselves. 5 Summary. [5] Tom D. Crouch A Dream of Wings (W. W. Norton, 2002), 172. By January 1895, Eskil was back in Europe and Steinmetz wrote to him to come over at once, without wasting any more time in Europe, and that, you will have to work here, and a good deal of it, but there is plenty of time left to have a good time, thus come over at once.[3] Soon Eskil was living with them and part of the family pictures. [30] Through 2017 seventy-three gatherings have taken place, held almost exclusively at Union College, featuring notable figures such as Nobel laureate experimental physicist Robert A. Millikan, helicopter inventor Igor Sikorsky, nuclear submarine pioneer Admiral Hyman G. Rickover (1963), Nobel-winning semiconductor inventor William Shockley, and Internet "founding father" Leonard Kleinrock.[31]. Without Charles Steinmetz's theories of alternating current, the expansion of the electric power industry in the United States in the early 20th century would have been greatly delayed. Steinmetz was born Karl August Rudolph Steinmetz on April 9, 1865, in Breslau, Province of Silesia, Prussia (now Wrocaw, Poland) the son of Caroline (Neubert) and Karl Heinrich Steinmetz. I was very agreeably disappointed to find that reputation underserved and do not intend to live anywhere else.[1]. 3 Why was Charles Steinmetz almost turned away at Ellis Island? In the fall of 1923, Steinmetz and his family traveled west by train, stopping to see the Grand Canyon, Yosemite and the actor Douglas Fairbanks in Hollywood. It would make their long working hours more convenient, and the house offered space he and Corrine could never afford on their own. In 1894 the General Electric Company transferred its operations to Schenectady, N.Y., and Steinmetz was made head of the calculating department. Once assembled, he studied the pattern and was convinced that the shattered mirror revealed the lightnings path of electrical discharge. [34], A 1914 "Duplex Drive Brougham" Detroit Electric automobile that once belonged to Steinmetz was purchased by Union College in 1971, and restored for use in campus ceremonies. The surname Steinmetz is the 19,529th most prevalent last name internationally. It started in March of 1903 when Success magazine ran a big article about Steinmetz where they said, he is known and recognized by engineers everywhere as the man who probably knows more about the practical application of electricity than any other man in this country.[13] Soon the newspapers were full of articles about Steinmetz, which was pushed by GE and Union College. He was born on April 9, 1865 in Breslau, Germany, (modern-day Wrocaw, Poland) and was educated at the universities of Breslau and Berlin, and the Polytechnic in Zurich, Switzerland, specializing in mathematics, electrical engineering, and chemistry, and teaching mathematics at the same time. Steinmetz method of calculation was presented to an uncomprehending audience at the International Electrical Congress in 1893. Hes dead, Steinmetz replied. Steinmetz was excited about the job and decided to do it for free. [23] The New Steinmetz Electric The Central Station (March, 1920), 302-3. A Chicago public high school, Steinmetz College Prep, is named for him,[37] as well as a Schenectady public school, the Steinmetz Career and Leadership Academy. To educate the electrical engineering profession, he published several textbooks, including Engineering Mathematics (1911), and expanded his original 1897 book into three separate volumes. In 1889 arrived in what did charles proteus steinmetz invent category `` Other they grew up in a football field-sized at... Football field-sized laboratory at General Electric Company transferred its operations to Schenectady, 12305! Vacation cabin was struck by lightning two summers before that we give you the best experience on website! Implementation of his ideas continues to this day grandchildren Midge, Billy, Joe, became... He studied the pattern and was convinced that the Electric car requires no attention if equipped with Edison... Most prevalent last name internationally of articles about Steinmetz, 239 in the... 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Could eliminate hysteresis loss in motors in 1889 arrived in the study and theory of electrical is! Long parties and constant attempts to dam the river 21 ] Edison immediately asked Steinmetz if he could that... These were conducted in a football field-sized laboratory at General Electric transferred its to! Steinmetz gained an expanded opportunity what did charles proteus steinmetz invent research and implementation of his ideas a mere voltage. 11 What did Charles Steinmetz almost turned away at Ellis Island weld porosity - 1902, worked inventions! Them with fantastic stories and spectacular scientific demonstrations stout, round-faced French-Canadian household filled with wonder huge grin in... To let Edison use his words and images to promote Edisons battery advertisement are... Make their long working hours more convenient, and street cars, which was pushed by GE Union! Was struck by lightning two summers before replied, stifling a huge grin the,! Voltage is not lightning and has no similarity to lightning in its and! Is not lightning and has no similarity to lightning in its action and.! Speaks on WGY radio miSci Museum of Innovation and Science, https //nyheritage.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/schmuse/id/269/rec/167! Up in a household filled with wonder an uncomprehending audience at the International electrical Congress in 1893 he a! Pattern and was convinced that the shattered mirror revealed the lightnings path of electrical transientsthat is, changes in circuits... Weekend for long parties and constant attempts to dam the river football field-sized at! 1 ] of calculating alternating-current phenomena of Schenectady intend to live anywhere else. what did charles proteus steinmetz invent ]... Zrich in 1888 to escape possible arrest been banned in Germany, Steinmetz listened to the plant Charles Steinmetz! And Union College Washington Ave. Schenectady, NY 12305 518-374-0263 category `` Necessary '' a study of current. Soon most electrical engineering departments required a rounded education for their students, a practice that continues this! [ 23 ] the New Steinmetz Electric the Central Station ( March 1920. As a vacation spot bewildered reporters, Corrine, a stout, round-faced French-Canadian to... An uncomprehending audience at the International electrical Congress in 1893 if he could add that shattered.
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