Hamlicar bristled at the terms of the treaty, which obligated Carthage to pay Rome a huge indemnity and to surrender all land in Sicily. After his father led Carthage in the First Punic War, Hannibal took over the leadership of Carthaginian forces against Rome. 18 Jan 2023. Long-time rivals Hamilcar and Hanno could not agree on the best strategy and eventually the army was permitted to choose which general should lead them. European archaeologists have found eight coins portraying Hannibals Carthaginian features. In the process, Hamilcar created a professional army of Iberians, Africans, Numidians and other mercenaries that Hasdrubal the Fair would inherit and Hannibal would later lead across the Alps to immortality. Hamilcar Barca was a member of the Barcid clan of Carthage and the father of Hannibal Barca, Rome's most notorious enemy, who crossed the Alps and caused havoc in Italy in the Second Punic War (218 - 201 BCE). [28] He also set about improving the spirit of the army, and succeeded in creating a highly disciplined and versatile force. The Undefeated army now created a unique problem for Carthage. Hannibal's father, Hamilcar Barca, general of the Carthaginian mercenaries, was infuriated about the western Mediterranean losses of Sicily and Sardinia. Hamilcar was a common Punic name; in fact, another general of the same name preceded him in command. He was one of the greatest military commanders in history. Rebels opposing this were stoned and Gisco and his fellow prisoners were tortured to death. He supplemented his original force of some 25,000 with local recruits and amassed a 50,000-strong army which included a corps of Numidian cavalry (supplied by Prince Naravas) and 100 elephants. He met fierce resistance from the Iberia tribes, even the friendly Bastetani offered battle. [122] By the power of his personal influence among the mercenaries and the surrounding African peoples, superior strategy and some luck, as well as cooperation, if unenthusiastic, from Hanno the Great, Hamilcar crushed the revolt by 237 BC amid a war marked with cruel atrocities from both sides.[123]. Discover Hamilcar Barca: The Life and Legacy of the Legendary Carthaginian General by Charles River Editors and millions of other books available at Barnes & Noble. Hamilcar, upon taking command in the summer of 247 BC,[21] punished the rebellious mercenaries (who had revolted because of overdue payments) by murdering some of them at night and drowning the rest at sea,[22] and dismissing many to different parts of northern Africa. Father of Hannibal. Spendius rallied his forces, was reinforced by a detachment largely made of Gauls under Autaritus and shadowed Hamilcar as he advanced south east, keeping to the high ground to avoid Carthaginian elephants and cavalry and harassing their enemy at every possible opportunity. There was no other city like it. After Carthage's defeat by . Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Carthaginians may have taken control of the mining operations and introduced new technologies to increase production. Hamilcar Barca: The Life and Legacy of the Legendary Carthaginian General Kindle Edition by Charles River Editors (Author) Format: Kindle Edition 5 ratings See all formats and editions Kindle $0.00 Read with Kindle Unlimited to also enjoy access to over 3 million more titles $3.99 to buy Paperback $8.99 1 Used from $10.20 4 New from $8.99 Spendius and Matho were joined by a force commanded by a Libyan chief named Zarzas, and the 50,000 strong army under Spendius moved away from Carthage. According to Appian, Hamilcar was thrown from his horse and drowned in a river,[116] but Polybius says he fell in battle in an unknown corner of Iberia against an unnamed tribe. Hamilcar probably fought an inconclusive battle at Drepanum,[22] but there is cause to doubt this.[24]. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (Punic: , omilqart Baraq; c.275228BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. According to Cornelius Nepot, "he provided the whole of Africa with horses, weapons, and money". Accordingly, Hamilcar Barca was dispatched in 237 BCE to expand Carthaginian territory, which he did, establishing his base at Gades (Cadiz) and founding a new city of Acra Leuce. Livy states Hanno son of Hamilcar in 204 BC left Carthage with 4,000 cavalry and never came back. Hamilcar first raided the Italian coast at Bruttium in 247 BCE, perhaps in search of booty to pay his mercenaries, and then landed on Sicily at Heircte near Panormus (Palermo). Punic Mercenaries stationed in Sardinia had rebelled in 239 BC, besieged Boaster and all Carthaginians in a citadel and later executed them after the fort fell. According to Polybius, the causes of the Second Punic war were as follows: Based on this, and Hannibal's oath, some historians infer that Hamilcar's post-Mercenary War activities were aimed at eventual war with Rome, which was inherited by his sons, and some further suggested that Hamilcar devised the strategy of invading Italy by crossing the Alps as well as Hannibal's battle tactics. Hamilcar's sons, Hannibal and Hasdrubal, had accompanied him. [36] The better-trained Roman fleet[37] defeated a hastily raised, undermanned and ill-trained Punic fleet at battle of the Aegates Islands in 241 BC, cutting Sicily off from Carthage. Hannibal Barca, born Carthage 247 B.C, Hannibal Barcar was the son of the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca. In addition to maintaining a fleet and soldiers in Sicily, they were also fighting the Libyans and Numidians in northern Africa. The coins do not resemble each other. Foi pai de Anbal, Asdrbal, Adonibal e Mago, [2] bem como o construtor dos famosos jardins de Amlcar, que se encontravam em Mgara, na periferia de Cartago.. Comandou as foras de Cartago na ltima parte da primeira guerra pnica e foi o . One of his most famous achievements was at the outbreak of the Second Punic War, [9] The situation changed when the surprise attack on the Carthaginian fleet met defeat at the Battle of Drepana[10] and the following Carthaginian victory at the Battle of Phintias; the Romans were all but swept from the sea. He was one of the greatest military commanders in history. The war was now becoming particularly brutal with atrocities committed on both sides. Boston, Massachusetts, United States - April 20, 2013: Boston Harbor. While harassing Roman troops with guerrilla tactics in western Sicily, Hamilcar staged a landing on the north coast, capturing Mount Ercte (probably Pellegrino near Palermo), which he held in the face of determined Roman attempts to dislodge him (247244). In this war unbelievable atrocities were committed on both sides. [106] Hamilcar now had the means to pay for his mercenary army and also to ship silver ore to Carthage to help pay off the war indemnity. Education. Hasdrubal the Fair then took over command of the Carthaginian army. The war, which had started in 264 BC, continued after the Romans abandoned Africa; however, neither side gained a decisive advantage until 249 BC. The Skaven warlord Ikrit accepted, but revealed only a clanrat . Whatever was the motivation behind this act, it was resented by the mercenaries left behind in Sicily. Hannibal Barca was probably a black Carthaginian military commander; he became famous for his crossing of the Alps, his strategic brilliance before taking on major campaigns, his tactical genius on the battlefield, and his operational prowess during combat. They chose Hamilcar. Hamilcar had indeed got his wish that the Barcid line would be no friend of Rome. The riches from these campaigns were channelled back to Carthage. There, after several skirmishes, Hamilcar cornered the enemy at 'the Saw' (Prion), a ridge in the Libyan mountains. In 219 B.C., Hannibal led a . [88] Phoenician colonies were strung along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of southwestern Spain and exercised some degree of control over their immediate areas, but only had trading contacts, not direct control, over the tribes of Iberia at that time. Rome suspected Carthage of aiding the natives, and had sent embassies to Carthage in 236, 235, 233 and 230 BC to accuse and threaten the Punic state. Seizing upon Carthages weakness, Rome took the islands of Sardinia and Corsica, and, when an enraged Hamilcar moved to respond, Rome increased the amount of the Carthaginian indemnity. J.-C. avant de retourner l'tranger, o il russit tendre les intrts carthaginois dans le sud de l'Espagne. Hamilcar was appointed commander in chief in Sicily in 247 BC, when, after 18 years of fighting, the Carthaginian forces were at their lowest. After mustering their forces, a decisive battle was fought probably near the town of Leptis Minor. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 c. 228 BCE) was a Carthaginian general active in the First Punic War (264-241 BCE). [90] Several modern historians have interpreted this as Hannibal swearing to be a lifelong enemy of Rome bent on revenge,[91][92][93][94] while others hold that this interpretation is a distortion.[95][96][97]. Carthage was hit by a series of disasters in 239 BC: her fleet and supply flotilla bringing supplies from Empoia was sunk in a storm, the mercenaries in Sardinia rebelled and the cities of Utica and Hippo Acra killed their Punic garrisons and defected to the rebels. [89] Hasdrubal the Fair and Hannibal, then a child of nine, accompanied Hamilcar; it is not known who led Hamilcar's supporters in Carthage in the absence of Hamilcar and Hasdrubal. Completed Exodus Transitional Program. 285-c. 229 B.C.) He was the father of Hannibal Barca who continued his father's tactics and won major land battles in Italy during the Second Punic War. Since the coin was found near Lake Trasimene where Hannibal defeated the Romans, this fact offers good confirmation that coins image resembled Hannibals real ethnic appearance because one of way of celebrating a victory in ancient warfare was to have a coin minted in your honor and showing yourself as your enemys deity. General Hannibal Barca was a Black African, The Babylonian Captivity: The Influence of King Nebuchadnezzar II on the Jewish Exiles, The Domestic Roots of Ancient Alchemy: Womens Work and their Role in the Science of Alchemy, The Legend of Dido: How the Myth of Carthages Legendary Queen Evolved, The First Paper: The Papyrus of Ancient Egypt. Lance Serge states that Hamilcar's family was part of the landed aristocracy of Carthage. He distinguished himself during the First Punic War in 247, when he took over the chief command in Sicily, which at . The political clout of the incumbent leaders was probably weakened by the defeat in the First Punic War, their mismanagement of the Mercenary troops and finally the Sardinia Affair. Themes. These "Fabian tactics" continued until Hamilcar encamped in a valley, probably near Nepheris, and the rebels trapped his army, with the Libyans blocking the exit, Spendius and his troops camping near the Punic army and the Numidians covering Hamilcar's rear. [75] The Mercantile Class, whose interests were hurt by the war, and would be marginalized by the abandonment of overseas operations, also supported this faction. In 237 BCE Hamilcar had famously taken his son, then nine years old, to the temple of Baal in Carthage and made him swear never to be a friend of Rome. Hamilcar, captured during the wars, spent on distribution to his soldiers and sent to Carthage to buy the favor of the people and part of the aristocracy and make the idea of conquering Spain more popular. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. xxiv. #1. Hamilcar was a Carthaginian commander whose greatest achievement was winning the Battle of Drepanum in 249 BC during the First Punic War. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hamilcar-Barca. 50 Carthaginian ships were sunk, 70 captured and 10,000 prisoners taken. Carthaginian leadership requested terms to the victorious Roman commander, Gaius Lutatius Catulus and authorised Hamilcar Barca to open negotiations, probably to avoid the responsibility of the defeat. Like ancient Carthage, Akre Leuca was not only a military center but also a culturally-advanced city in its time. His alliance with Hasdrubal the Fair, who would become his son in law, allowed . When Hannibal was 17 years old, however, his father was killed in an ambush in Spain, which was primarily under the rule of the North African empire. [56] Hamilcar had managed to train his new recruits in some drill and basic battlefield maneuvers before they left Carthage. According . d. 229 or 228 BC, Carthaginian general. Hey, this is another piece I wrote, this time a mini biography. By 247, when Hamilcar took charge in Sicily, Carthage had lost to Rome all of its Sicilian possessions except Lilybaeum (now Marsala) and Drepanum (now Trapani). Then the enterprising Hamilcar Barca came to the fore. Hamilcar's first priority, probably, was to ensure that the war indemnity was paid regularly so the Romans had no excuse to interfere in Carthaginian affairs. While he may appear to be an old man, he is one of the most powerful of the Twelve Zoalords, the co-founder of Cronos and its leading scientist. The Carthaginians destroyed the rebel army, after which the Libyan towns submitted to Carthage. Hamilcar, after subduing Turdetania[107] next moved east from Gades towards Cape Nao. Mathos could not, though, resist a joint army of Hamilcar and Hanno, and he was driven out of the city and defeated at Byzacium. Hamilcar had at least three daughters and at least three sons. Then the so-called Truceless War (also Mercenary War) broke out in 241 BCE. Although the Carthaginians were a mixed population, the Carthaginian military was dominated by Numidians, which was a mixture of a black Africans, Nubians, and Berber extract that lived among the Carthaginians and who were prevalent in Egypt, Morocco, Algeria and elsewhere throughout North Africa. He then left Ercte for Mount Eryx (modern Erice near Trapani), which he held until 241. All his family members were employed in the army and made major contributions to . [29] Hamilcar continued his activities unhindered from his position for another two years, being supplied by road from Drepana,[32] although Carthaginian ships had been withdrawn from Sicily by this time and no naval raids were launched. Hasdrubal the Fair commanded the fleet[84] carrying supplies and elephants along the coast, keeping pace with the army. Hannibal Barca was probably a black Carthaginian military commander; he became famous for his crossing of the Alps, his strategic brilliance before taking on major campaigns, his tactical genius on the battlefield, and his operational prowess during combat. His son was Hannibal, famous for his exploits during the Second Punic War. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. Hamirukaru Barukasu) (also: Hamical Balcus, Hamilcar Valkus) known as Barcas 'The Elder' (, Barukasu ), he is one of the main antagonists of Guyver: Bioboosted Armour and the co-founder of Chronos, the third eldest member of theCouncil of Twelve, as well as Chronos's most brilliant scientist. Buy History Of Ancient Carthage - Hamilcar Barca - Punic War Tank Top: Shop top fashion brands Tanks & Camis at Amazon.com FREE DELIVERY and Returns possible on eligible purchases Amazon.com: History Of Ancient Carthage - Hamilcar Barca - Punic War Tank Top : Clothing, Shoes & Jewelry Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! [41] Lutatius did not press the issue further, and the Carthaginian soldiers were later allowed to leave Sicily under arms with their honor intact,[42] and without any token of submission a rare gesture granted by the Romans to a defeated enemy. But who reads Polybius (1.65-83) can see how he came to this act. He made no attempt to join Hanno near Utica. More About Hamilcar: Astrological Sign: Aries: Date of birth: April 6, 1964: Religion . Hamilcar's immediate objective was to secure access to the gold and silver mines of Sierra Morena, either by direct and indirect control. Several office buildings, overlooking the harbor waters. Roman consul Fundanius (243/2 BC) arrogantly replied that Hamilcar should request a truce to save his living and denied the request. Hamilcar's army was saved by pure luck a Numidian chieftain, Naravas, who would later marry Hamilcar's third daughter, defected with 2,000 horsemen. The Iberians had support from Celtiberian tribes and were under the command of two chieftains, Istolatios and his brother. Hamilcar Barca / ( hmlk bk, hmlk) / noun died ?228 bc, Carthaginian general; father of Hannibal. The Carthaginians will evacuate all Sicily. Hanno and Hamilcar unleashed reprisals against the Numidian tribes that had sided with the rebels,[70] and the generals probably extended Carthaginian territory in Africa at the same time. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. Rome, which had dealt with Carthage with all due honor and courtesy during the crisis, going as far as to release all Punic prisoners without ransom and refuse to accept offers from Utica and Rebels mercenaries based in Sardinia to incorporate these territories into the Roman domain, seized Sardinia and Corsica and forced Carthage to pay 1,200 talents for her initial refusal to renounce her claim over the islands. America's Black dilemma [Barca, Hamilcar] on Amazon.com. Hamilcar Barca. If he had lived in the United . He then quashed a rebellion closer to home between 241 and 237 BCE before returning abroad, where he successfully expanded Carthaginian interests in southern Spain. Hannibal son of Hamilcar Barca was an African in the sense that he was born in Africa, but he was relative light-skinned, the same way that Tunisians are today. Massalia had become friendly with Rome over the years, if not an outright ally by 237 BC, and this connection would become a significant factor in the power politics of the region. was a great Carthaginian general and statesman in the First Punic War who firmly established Carthaginian rule in Spain. First Punic War. Meanwhile, Mathos had defeated a Carthaginian army, and he dealt the same treatment to the captured Carthaginian general. When he was replaced by Hannibal in 221 BCE, the Carthaginians broke the territorial agreement with Rome of 226 BCE not to cross the River Ebro and attacked Rome's ally Saguntum (Sagunto). Hamilcar and the Barcid line would now dominate the Carthaginian political and military arenas for the next 35 years. His grandson, Hanno, was an important commander in the army of his son Hannibal. Hannibal Barca was probably a black Carthaginian military commander; he became famous for his crossing of the Alps, his strategic brilliance before taking on major campaigns, his tactical genius on the battlefield, and his operational prowess during combat. Territories During the Second Punic WarJavierfv1212 (CC BY-SA). To forestall any such event, rebels committed an act of cruelty unpardonable by Carthage. His third daughter married the Berber ally Naravas,[120] a Numidian chieftain whose defection had saved Hamilcar and his army during the mercenary war. Hamilcar obtained permission from the Carthaginian Senate for recruiting and training a new army, with the immediate goal of securing the African domain of Carthage. Roman occupation of Sardinia, and then Corsica, indicated the untrustworthiness of Romans and their willingness to meddle when they saw fit regardless of treaties between the powers. Hannibal Barca was a renowned general and statesman. The Carthaginian army was caught in a pincer movement; Hamilcar pretended to retreat, and Spendius likely attempted to trap the outnumbered Carthaginians against the river with his two forces, pinning them with one and out-flanking them with the other. J.-C.) tait un gnral carthaginois actif lors de la premire guerre punique (264-241 av. Hamilcar Barca, vel Barcas ( Punice , a barak, 'fulgur') (natus 270 a.C.n. [71] Carthage now began to fit out an expedition to recover Sardinia, with Hamilcar commanding Punic forces. When his troops rushed towards the retreating Carthaginians, Spendius was either unable to control them or believed that the Carthaginians were fleeing and encouraged his forces' pursuit. Department of History 106 Dulles Hall 230 Annie & John Glenn Avenue Columbus, OH 43210. [39], This treaty replaced all previous treaties between the two powers. 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