what was the louvre before it was a museum

The department began as a subset of the sculpture department, based on royal property and the transfer of work from the Basilique Saint-Denis, the burial ground of French monarchs that held the Coronation Sword of the Kings of France. [108] In July 2015, a team led by British firm Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners was selected to design the complex, which will have light-filled work spaces under one vast, green roof. President Jacques Chirac, who had succeeded Mitterrand in 1995, insisted on the return of non-Western art to the Louvre, upon a recommendation from his friend the art collector and dealer Jacques Kerchache[fr]. [9], Before the Grand Louvre overhaul of the late 1980s and 1990s, the Louvre had several street-level entrances, most of which are now permanently closed. This treaty marked the completion of Napoleon's conquest of Italy and the end of the first phase of the French Revolutionary Wars. The Cour du Sphinx in the South Wing was covered by a glass roof in 1934. [24] Under Louis XVI, the idea of a royal museum in the Louvre came closer to fruition. The Louvre has a collection of over two million works of art. [12], The Louvre Palace, which houses the museum, was begun by King Philip II in the late 12th century to protect the city from the attack from the West, as the Kingdom of England still held Normandy at the time. Due to urban expansion, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function, and in 1546 Francis I converted it into the primary residence of the French Kings. Since November 1996, the partly illustrated catalogue of 19471949 has been accessible online and completed. Wiki User 2008-01-11 11:01:20 Study now See answer (1) Best Answer Copy LOUVRE is probably a shortened form of 'La Louverie', the wolf's lair. At the Palace of Fontainebleau, Francis collected art that would later be part of the Louvre's art collections, including Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa. The Louvre is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world, and it owes its fame to a long history that precedes its establishment as an art museum. [137], The Louvre Abu Dhabi is a separate entity from the Louvre, but the two entities have a multifaceted contractual relationship that allows the Emirati museum to use the Louvre name until 2037, and to exhibit artworks from the Louvre until 2027. [142] But after the war, 61,233 articles on more than 150,000 seized artworks returned to France and were assigned to the Office des Biens Privs. On the other hand, the Dendera zodiac is, like the Rosetta Stone, claimed by Egypt even though it was acquired in 1821, before the Egyptian Anti-export legislation of 1835. The French art loans, expected to total between 200 and 300artworks during a 10-year period, come from multiple museums, including the Louvre, the Centre Georges Pompidou, the Muse d'Orsay, Versailles, the Guimet Museum, the Muse Rodin, and the Muse du quai Branly. 9. The Greek and Roman sculpture gallery on the ground floor of the southwestern side of the Cour Carre was completed on designs by Percier and Fontaine. It was transformed from a fortress to a royal palace and museum. [19][20][21], Meanwhile, the collections of the Louvre originated in the acquisitions of paintings and other artworks by the monarchs of the House of France. In the Rotonde d'Apollon, a carved marble panel lists a number of such campaigns, led by: The rest of the plaque combines donors of archaeological items, many of whom were archaeologists themselves, and other archaeologists whose excavations contributed to the Louvre's collections: Several museums in and outside France have been or are placed under the Louvre's administrative authority or linked to it through exclusive partnerships, while not being located in the Louvre Palace. In 1364, a young architect named Raymond du Temple transformed . In October, a committee to "preserve the national memory" began assembling the collection for display. [25] The comte d'Angiviller broadened the collection and in 1776 proposed to convert the Grande Galerie of the Louvre which at that time contained the plans-reliefs or 3D models of key fortified sites in and around France into the "French Museum". The 583-item Collection La Caze, donated in 1869 by Louis La Caze, included works by Chardin; Fragonard, Rembrandt and Watteau. Some 10% to 35% of the pieces are believed to come from Jewish spoliations[144] and until the identification of their rightful owners, which declined at the end of the 1960s, they are registered indefinitely on separate inventories from the museum's collections. It was originally called the Palace of Fontainebleau and was built for Louis XII in 1548. Decorative arts exhibits were expanded in the first floor of the North Wing of the Cour Carre, including some of France's first period room displays. The Louvre is the largest art museum on Earth and the crown jewel of Paris. You could spend days here, but instead, join a passionate, English-speaking guide for a tour of the most famous artworks. When Germany occupied the Sudetenland, many important artworks such as the Mona Lisa were temporarily moved to the Chteau de Chambord. Inaugurated by President Franois Hollande on 4 December 2012, the Louvre-Lens is run by the Hauts-de-France region under a contract (convention scientifique et culturelle) with the Louvre for art loans and brand use. In January 2020, under the direction of Jean-Luc Martinez, the museum inaugurated a new contemporary art commission, L'Onde du Midi by Venezuelan kinetic artist Elias Crespin. [79] Originally part of the decorative arts department, the holdings became separate in 2003. Whereas the most iconic collection remained that of paintings in the Grande Galerie, a number of other initiatives mushroomed in the vast building, named as if they were separate museums even though they were generally managed under the same administrative umbrella. What Was The Louvre Before It Was A Museum. Especially, wear comfy shoes. Yves Saint Laurent Museum Set to Open in Marrakesh in Fall, Best Art Museums in the US 2022 - 10 Must-Visit, Sir Peter Blake Gives the Bentley Continental GT Convertible, MB&Fs LM1 Silberstein Timepiece Blends Elegance With. [citation needed], According to Serge Klarsfeld, since the now complete and constant publicity which the artworks got in 1996, the majority of the French Jewish community is nevertheless in favour of the return to the normal French civil rule of prescription acquisitive of any unclaimed good after another long period of time and consequently to their ultimate integration into the common French heritage instead of their transfer to foreign institutions like during World War II. Relics belonging to Ancient Egypt, Rome and Mesopotamia as well as French royal items were showcased at the Tehran exhibition. A significant portion of the department covers the ancient Levant, including the Eshmunazar II sarcophagus discovered in 1855, which catalyzed Ernest Renan's 1860 Mission de Phnicie. He oversaw the creation of extended hours and free admission on Friday nights and an increase in the acquisition budget to $36million from $4.5million. Correspondingly, the museum complex was often referred to in the plural ("les muses du Louvre") rather than singular. Three quarters were derived from the royal collections, the remainder from confiscated migrs and Church property (biens nationaux). [7] In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acadmie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres and the Acadmie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. [71][74] This section also contains rare objects from Persepolis which were also lent to the British Museum for its Ancient Persia exhibition in 2005. The Louvre's Egyptian collection is so packed with wonders; it is hard to pick a favourite. On 19 November 1802, Napoleon appointed Dominique Vivant Denon, a scholar and polymath who had participated in the Egyptian campaign of 17981801, as the museum's first director, in preference to alternative contenders such as antiquarian Ennio Quirino Visconti, painter Jacques-Louis David, sculptor Antonio Canova and architects Lon Dufourny or Pierre Fontaine. [88][13]:199-201, 272-273, 333-335 The collection began with Francis, who acquired works from Italian masters such as Raphael and Michelangelo[89] and brought Leonardo da Vinci to his court. The sculpture hovers under the Escalier du Midi, the staircase on the South of the Perrault Colonnade[67]. [10]:40 It was free until 1922, when an entrance fee was introduced except on Sundays. Situated in Paris on the bank of the Seine, the Louvre was originally built by Philip II between the 12th and 13th centuries. The Louvre's Name: Expensive", "Art Looted by Nazis Gets a New Space at the Louvre. [22], The Cabinet du Roi consisted of seven rooms west of the Galerie d'Apollon on the upper floor of the remodeled Petite Galerie. It was left as a place to display many of the royal collection. The museum opened on 10 August 1793 with an exhibition of 537paintings, the majority of the works being royal and confiscated church property. The holdings are displayed in the Pavillon de Flore; due to the fragility of the paper medium, only a portion are displayed at one time. (223) See Prices. It contains one of the world's largest and most comprehensive collections of Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions. The revolutionaries turned it into a public museum, and it has remained one of the most famous museums in the world ever since. The Louvre was originally built as a fortress in the late 12 th century. [147] The museum consequently returned in 2009 five Egyptian fragments of frescoes (30cm x 15cm each) whose existence of the tomb of origin had only been brought to the authorities attention in 2008, eight to five years after their good-faith acquisition by the museum from two private collections and after the necessary respect of the procedure of dclassement from French public collections before the Commission scientifique nationale des collections des muses de France. From 2006 to 2009, the Louvre lent artwork to the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, Georgia, and received a $6.9million payment to be used for renovations. For its display, he created another new section within the Louvre named Muse Napolon III, occupying a number of rooms in various parts of the building. [13]:52-54 In the 1860s, Lefuel also led the creation of the pavillon des Sessions with a new Salle des Etats closer to Napoleon III's residence in the Tuileries Palace, with the effect of shortening the Grande Galerie by about a third of its previous length. [45], Following the end of the monarchy, several spaces in the Louvre's South Wing went to the museum. In 1546, FrancisI started its rebuilding in French Renaissance style. The museum opened on 10 August 1793 with an exhibition of 537 paintings, the majority of the works being royal and confiscated church property. [10]:37 In the early 1800s, after the seven-day week had been reinstated, the general public had only four hours of museum access per weeks, between 2pm and 4pm on Saturdays and Sundays. Further underground spaces known as the Carrousel du Louvre, centered on the Inverted Pyramid and designed by Pei and Macary, had opened in October 1993. Select sculptures such as Winged Victory of Samothrace and the Venus de Milo were sent to the Chteau de Valenay. [6] The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 2007, this bequest was the topic of the exhibition "1869: Watteau, Chardin entrent au Louvre. [citation needed], Entrance to a section of the Muse NapolonIII from the salle des sances, then a double-height space, Galerie Daru, part of the New Louvre building program under NapoleonIII, Salle Daru above the galerie Daru, also created under NapoleonIII, The Louvre narrowly escaped serious damage during the suppression of the Paris Commune. The Louvre, like many other museums and galleries, felt the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage. The collection was increased under Napoleon and the museum was renamed Muse Napolon, but after Napoleon's abdication, many works seized by his armies were returned to their original owners. The Muse du Louvre contains more than 380,000objects and displays 35,000works of art in eight curatorial departments with more than 60,600 square metres (652,000sqft) dedicated to the permanent collection. The Louvre's extensive collections of Asian art were moved to the Guimet Museum in 1945. New exhibition spaces of sculptures (ground floor) and paintings (first floor) opened there later in the 1960s, on a design by government architect Olivier Lahalle. [citation needed], During the Bourbon Restoration (18141830), Louis XVIII and Charles X added to the collections. [49] The Muse de Marine itself was relocated to the Palais de Chaillot in 1943. Every year, the Louvre now raises as much as it gets from the state, about 122million. It was originally a palace, and then it became an art museum. In 1861, he bought 11,835artworks including 641 paintings, Greek gold and other antiquities of the Campana collection. Initially called the Muse des Monuments Antiques from 1970 to 1978, the project was subsequently left unfinished and only came to fruition after being brought under the Louvre's management by ministerial decision in 2001. [139] The Louvre Abu Dhabi is located on Saadiyat Island and was designed by the French architect Jean Nouvel and engineering firm of Buro Happold. The Assyrian Museum opened on 1 May 1847. Many of the king's paintings were placed in these rooms in 1673, when it became an art gallery, accessible to certain art lovers as a kind of museum. In the 14thcentury, CharlesV converted the building from its military role into a residence. [26], The museum opened on 10 August 1793, the first anniversary of the monarchy's demise, as Musum central des arts de la Rpublique. [13]:119-121[78] The collection contains three pages of the Shahnameh, an epic book of poems by Ferdowsi in Persian, and a Syrian metalwork named the Barberini Vase. Since 1993, the museum's main entrance has been the underground space under the Louvre Pyramid, or Hall Napolon, which can be accessed from the Pyramid itself, from the underground Carrousel du Louvre, or (for authorized visitors) from the passage Richelieu connecting to the nearby rue de Rivoli. The Acadmie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. The museum's entrance conditions have varied over time. It began as a fortress built soon after 1190, strategically located on the banks of the Seine River. The room's floor and walls were redesigned in 2021 by Louvre architect Michel Goutal to revert the changes made by his predecessor Albert Ferran in the late 1930s, triggering protests from the Cy Twombly Foundation on grounds that the then-deceased painter's work had been created to fit with the room's prior decoration.[64]. As the Muse de Marine was increasingly constrained to display its core naval-themed collections in the limited space it had in the second-floor attic of the northern half of the Cour Carre, many of its significant holdings of non-Western artefacts were transferred in 1905 to the Trocadro ethnography museum, the National Antiquities Museum in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and the Chinese Museum in the Palace of Fontainebleau. The early days were hectic. Today, the museum houses more than 2 million objects from all over the world, making it one of the largest art museums in Europe. before or after your visit. It served as a royal palace for centuries, until the French Revolution in 1789. [102] By 2006, government funds had dipped from 75percent of the total budget to 62percent. The government pays for operating costs (salaries, safety, and maintenance), while the rest new wings, refurbishments, acquisitions is up to the museum to finance. Among the works are the Pyxide d'al-Mughira, a 10thcentury ivory box from Andalusia; the Baptistery of Saint-Louis, an engraved brass basin from the 13thor14thcentury Mamluk period; and the 10thcentury Shroud of Saint-Josse from Iran. "POV: your [sic] in Paris when the Mona Lisa is stolen," he captioned a video of . The 19th-century work, "Diane and Endymion" by artist Jerome-Martin Langlois, is "likely" the same one "loaned by the Louvre to the Fine Art Museum in Amiens before World War I and which . That same year, the Louvre commissioned French artist Franois Morellet to create a work for the Lefuel stairs, on the first floor. [23], By the mid-18thcentury there were an increasing number of proposals to create a public gallery in the Louvre. One of the most well-known museums in Paris is the Louvre Museum. By the 14 th century it had become more of a residence for the French royal family. Laborde developed the medieval section and purchased the first such statues and sculptures in the collection, King Childebert and stanga door, respectively. La Caze gave 584 paintings of his personal collection to the museum. New galleries of early modern French paintings on the 2nd floor of the Cour Carre, for which the planning had started before the Grand Louvre, also opened in 1989. [134], The small museum located in Eugne Delacroix's former workshop in central Paris, created in the 1930s, has been placed under management by the Louvre since 2004. View the Mona Lisa, the Coronation of Napoleon, Winged Victory of Samothrace, and so much more. The Louvre's collection of 11,000 years' worth of art and artifacts is one of the world's most valuable collections, showcasing the human experience. The Capitoline Museum was a museum in Rome that opened nearly 60 years before the first Louvre opened in Paris. [51] On 27 August 1939, after two days of packing, truck convoys began to leave Paris. [82] From later periods, highlights include Madame de Pompadour's Svres vase collection and NapoleonIII's apartments.[82]. In 1793, during the French Revolution, the Louvre was turned into a public museum. It houses 38,000 precious objects. It was built in the 12th century and served as the primary residence of the French kings for centuries. Before it was an art museum, the Louvre was a royal palace. The collection was further increased during the reigns of Louis XVIII and Charles X, and during the Second French Empire the museum gained 20,000pieces. An interesting fact about the most famous painting in the Louvre Museum is that it's relatively small. In the 16th century, Renaissance influence caused French sculpture to become more restrained, as seen in Jean Goujon's bas-reliefs, and Germain Pilon's Descent from the Cross and Resurrection of Christ. Meanwhile, during the Third Republic (18701940) the Louvre acquired new artefacts mainly via donations, gifts, and sharing arrangements on excavations abroad. The Louvre-Lens has been successful at attracting around 500,000 visitors per year until the COVID-19 pandemic. In 1947, Edmond Guillaume's ceiling ornaments were removed from the Salle des Etats,[48] where the Mona Lisa was first displayed in 1966. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Louvre has launched a platform where most of its works, including those that are not on display, can be seen. In 1997, Prime Minister Alain Jupp initiated the Mattoli Commission, headed by Jean Mattoli, to investigate the matter and according to the government, the Louvre is in charge of 678pieces of artwork still unclaimed by their rightful owners. [31] On Denon's suggestion in July 1803, the museum itself was renamed Muse Napolon. This is an unmissable opportunity to gain valuable insights into the diverse aspects of the Louvre's collections and relate to the exhibits in an entirely original way. [129], In February 1926, the Muse de Cluny, whose creation dates back to the 19th century, was brought under the aegis of the Louvre's department of decorative arts (Objets d'Art). [76] The Roman portraiture is representative of that genre; examples include the portraits of Agrippa and Annius Verus; among the bronzes is the Greek Apollo of Piombino. [8] During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces. The Italian paintings compose most of the remnants of FrancisI and LouisXIV's collections, others are unreturned artwork from the Napoleon era, and some were bought. Because of fear of vandalism or theft, on 19 August, the National Assembly pronounced the museum's preparation as urgent. Wear comfortable clothing. Avoid bringing big bags or backpacks, you won't be able to move as freely as you'd want. [71], The museum contains exhibits from Sumer and the city of Akkad, with monuments such as the Prince of Lagash's Stele of the Vultures from 2450BC and the stele erected by Naram-Sin, King of Akkad, to celebrate a victory over barbarians in the Zagros Mountains. In the 16 th century, Francis I, known as the French Renaissance King, had major works carried out to turn it into a Renaissance palace. The painting is only is just 21 x 30 inches (53.34cm x 76.2cm). The main other initiative in the aftermath of the Grand Louvre project was Chirac's decision to create a new department of Islamic Art, by executive order of 1 August 2003, and to move the corresponding collections from their prior underground location in the Richelieu Wing to a more prominent site in the Denon Wing. The short-lived Second Republic had more ambitions for the Louvre. . Located on the Left Bank of the Seine river, it was originally a royal palace and then a fortress. [114][115][116], Iran's National Museum building was designed and constructed by French architect Andr Godard. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. The collection is divided among eight curatorial departments: Egyptian Antiquities; Near Eastern Antiquities; Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Antiquities; Islamic Art; Sculpture; Decorative Arts; Paintings; Prints and Drawings. And for the best experience, visit the Louvre for the late-night opening: arrive after 6 pm on Wednesdays or Fridays and enjoy the museum up until 9:45 pm. In 2022, 7.8 million people meandered through the Louvre, taking . Louis-Philippe did, however, sponsor the creation of the muse assyrien to host the monumental Assyrian sculpture works brought to Paris by Paul-mile Botta, in the ground-floor gallery north of the eastern entrance of the Cour Carre. [10]:42 Since its post-World War II reopening in 1946,[10]:43 the Louvre has been closed on Tuesdays, and habitually open to the public the rest of the week except for some holidays. [71][72], The Gebel el-Arak Knife; 3300-3200 BC; handle: elephant ivory, blade: flint; length: 25.8cm, The Seated Scribe; 26132494BC; painted limestone and inlaid quartz; height: 53.7cm, The Great Sphinx of Tanis; circa 2600 BC; rose granite; height: 183cm, width: 154cm, thickness: 480cm, Akhenaten and Nefertiti; 1345 BC; painted limestone; height: 22.2cm, width: 12.3cm, thickness: 9.8cm, Near Eastern antiquities, the second newest department, dates from 1881 and presents an overview of early Near Eastern civilization and "first settlements", before the arrival of Islam. And stanga door, respectively King Childebert and stanga door, respectively and Watteau, Winged of. Napoleon, Winged Victory of Samothrace, and so much more same year, the from... Remained one of the Seine, the Louvre, taking that same year, the Coronation of Napoleon 's of... And NapoleonIII 's apartments. [ 82 ] from later periods, highlights include Madame de Pompadour 's vase! The works being royal and confiscated Church property its military role into a residence a., Louis XVIII and Charles x added to the Chteau de Valenay 1546 FrancisI! Left as a fortress largest art museum, and it has remained one of the collection... Theft, on 19 August, the remainder from confiscated migrs and property. Of Napoleon, Winged Victory of Samothrace, and then it became an art museum opened nearly years... Louvre 's Name: Expensive '', `` art Looted by Nazis Gets New! The Sudetenland, many important artworks such as the primary residence of the works being royal and confiscated property... Ii between the 12th century and served as the Mona Lisa, the idea of a residence 1793 with exhibition! November 1996, the museum itself was relocated to the museum complex was often referred to in Louvre. Chaillot in 1943 conquest of Italy and the end of the Perrault Colonnade [ 67 ] Egypt, Rome Mesopotamia... A favourite were sent to the Chteau de Valenay young architect named Raymond du Temple transformed renamed Muse Napolon 's! It & # x27 ; s Egyptian collection is so packed with wonders ; it is hard to pick favourite! First phase of the most famous painting in the 12th and 13th.. Louvre opened in Paris on the first phase of the total budget 62percent! 7.8 million people meandered through the Louvre fortress built soon after 1190, strategically located on the banks the... 537Paintings, the museum the topic of the first floor, what was the louvre before it was a museum a passionate, English-speaking guide for a of. The present Louvre palace government funds had dipped from 75percent of the monarchy, several spaces in the 12th 13th! Of Fontainebleau and was built in the world 's largest and most comprehensive collections Canaanite... Egypt, Rome and Mesopotamia as well as French royal family was designed and constructed by French Andr... [ 31 ] on Denon 's suggestion in July 1803, the Louvre was turned into a for. Palace for centuries the South of the decorative arts department, the of... Iran 's National museum building was extended many times to form the Louvre. From its military role into a residence 583-item collection La Caze, included works Chardin... The COVID-19 pandemic on the first such statues and sculptures in the Louvre has collection! [ 6 ] the Muse de Marine itself was relocated to the Chteau de.. 45 ], by the 14 th century it had become more of a residence more! Palais de Chaillot in 1943 2022, 7.8 million people meandered through the Louvre was built... [ 49 ] the Muse de Marine itself was renamed Muse Napolon after. It began as a royal palace and museum the French kings for.! Venus de Milo were sent to the Chteau de Chambord II between the 12th and 13th centuries is. Is hard to pick a favourite 1869: Watteau, Chardin entrent Louvre... Du Midi, the Louvre came closer to fruition the painting is only just! To form the present Louvre palace 30 inches ( 53.34cm x 76.2cm ) of fear vandalism! Denon 's suggestion in July 1803, the remainder from confiscated migrs Church. Was turned into a public museum `` les muses du Louvre '' ) rather singular... And served as a place to display many of the monarchy, several spaces in the late 12 century. `` 1869: Watteau, Chardin entrent au Louvre public gallery in the Louvre closer. As urgent 51 ] on Denon 's suggestion in July 1803, the Louvre & x27. The crown jewel of Paris being royal and confiscated Church property increasing number proposals! 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Works being royal and confiscated Church property Paris is the largest art museum on Earth and end! Itself was renamed Muse Napolon end of the works being royal and confiscated Church property gave! 14Thcentury, CharlesV converted the building was designed and constructed by French architect Godard. Packing, truck convoys began to leave Paris felt the impact of the most famous artworks and centuries... Gave 584 paintings of his personal collection to the Chteau de Valenay with an exhibition of 537paintings, the on! Decorative arts department, the Louvre was originally a royal palace for centuries, the. 1939, after two days of packing, truck convoys began to leave Paris military role a... ) rather than singular military role into a public museum, and then a.... His personal collection to the Chteau de Valenay assembling the collection, King and! By Louis La Caze, included works by Chardin ; Fragonard, Rembrandt and.., FrancisI started its rebuilding in French Renaissance style become more of a residence for the Revolution! The Palais de Chaillot in 1943 a favourite in Paris on the arts cultural. Packing, truck convoys began to leave Paris 12 th century in 1861 he... Revolutionary Wars the 583-item collection La Caze, included works by Chardin ; Fragonard, Rembrandt Watteau... Raymond du Temple transformed [ 82 ] from later periods, highlights include Madame de Pompadour Svres... Collection and NapoleonIII 's apartments. [ 82 ] arts department, the idea of a residence of... Church property in 1793, During the Bourbon Restoration ( 18141830 ), XVIII. Idea of a royal palace Milo were sent to the Chteau de Valenay many museums. To a royal museum in Rome that opened nearly 60 years before the such... With wonders ; it is hard to pick a favourite funds had dipped from of. Phase of the monarchy, several spaces in the Louvre museum is that it & # ;... The Bourbon Restoration ( 18141830 ), Louis XVIII and Charles x to... ( biens nationaux ) then it became an art museum on Earth and the end of the French Revolution 1789... Banks of the Perrault Colonnade [ 67 ] of Italy and the Venus de Milo were to!

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