leaving academia for consulting

If I change job (but not the career), the salary may not increase. The Professor Is In: The Essential Guide To Turning Your Ph.D. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? I have seen many examples where people change their careers in their late 30s. For them, the higher education opportunity pathway was, in fact, an opportunity monopoly that operated beyond their reach. Josh thinks that OPMs may be able to serve as a catalyst and partner in the effort of higher education for access to low-cost degrees. rev2023.1.18.43170. Bring your club to Amazon Book Clubs, start a new book club and invite your friends to join, or find a club thats right for you for free. If you also have a deep desire to translate disciplinary knowledge for outside audiences, make broad impacts and build a unique economic structure through which to deliver your expertise, starting a business might be the right decision for you. Is it common for one to leave academia around during their late 40s? Understanding that such a salary is an incredible blessing, especially when so many MA and PhD scholars are adjuncting for far, far less with far fewer benefits, I was thrilled at the possibility of lifting the ceiling on my income and the incomes of others who I could one day hire. Short and pragmatic, the book offers invaluable advice to visiting and adjunct instructors ready to seek new opportunities, to scholars caught in tenure-trap jobs, to grad students interested in nonacademic work, and to committed academics who want to support their students and contingent colleagues more effectively. For the past half dozen years, Khan Academy has developed and enhanced their flow-of-learning model. ", An indispensable guide for grad students and academics who want to find fulfilling careers outside higher education. As it is, it was I who didn't renew the contract, and I took the opportunity to do a slow transition by part-time remote work at my now former employer. I empathise with this, another suggestion is can you chip away at the stuff you don't like, get some marginal gains. Enhancements you chose aren't available for this seller. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. During his career transition, he went on more than 150 informational interviews and later interviewed twelve other professionals who had left higher education for diverse fields. Working with a university resource to develop and launch an online degree (or nondegree) program is qualitatively different than working with an external OPM to market a program. Are our insights impacting how they tell their organizations stories? The main reason why I quit academia and resigned from a perfect academic job is because I wanted to explore the value of rhetoric and compositions disciplinary knowledge beyond the university. leaving academia, what do with a humanities phd, alt-ac, career brainstorm, entrepreneurship, freelance writing, consulting, post-phd, developmental editing. It's about like being told to go to the pediatrist when your feet hurt, rather than helping to fix the fact that you have a shoe of the wrong size (where, of course, the problem is that changing the shoe is not trivial). I knew I would likely be making between $50-60k per year for the coming ten years, unless I engaged in administrative work, which I was excited to do, and made a few thousand more. Books in which disembodied brains in blue fluid try to enslave humanity. While entrepreneurship is definitely scarier and less predictable economically, my experience in consulting thus far taught me that extra creativity, extra commitment and outstanding performance could result in immediate and highly rewarding financial outcomeswhich ultimately impacts how I spend my time and whose lives I can bless through pro-bono community work and by becoming an employer myself. Can I change which outlet on a circuit has the GFCI reset switch? I survived for nine months on the new job but it had become unbearable. Good book, but something is wrong with the binding. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video! Almost all education nowadays integrates technology in some way, and every course taught can benefit from being designed around learning science and core instructional design principles. With the academic job market in such crisis, Leaving Academia helps grad students and academics in any scholarly field find satisfying careers beyond higher education. Leaving Academia: A Practical Guide Christopher L. Caterine An indispensable guide for grad students and academics who want to find fulfilling careers outside higher education Series: Skills for Scholars Look Inside Hardcover Price: $21.95/16.99 ISBN: 9780691200194 Published (US): Sep 15, 2020 Published (UK): Oct 5, 2020 Copyright: 2020 Pages: 208 So, not only will higher educations economic and organizational models be upset, but our ability to also achieve consistent quality across an ever-more diverse population of learners will be deepened. In case youre unfamiliar with the academic job market: That kind of luck does not happen in highly specialized university positions. First, lets examine some important lessons regarding disruption. An adverb which means "doing without understanding". The only positive side is the extreme freedom I have, which I have been taking advantage of by travelling a lot, for instance. Second, I want to discuss some of the essential lessons we can learn from Clayton Christiansens theory and examples of disruption. These newcomers have the potential to bring equal or greater quality, improved effectiveness, new solutions, a more responsive customer experience, and lower prices to the table. Coupled with effective support modules, they can fill in the gaps on an individualized basis. There are a few . Just over a year ago, a couple friends from graduate school and I decided to leave academia post-PhD and launch Strong Analytics, a data science consulting and machine learning development firm How were Acorn Archimedes used outside education? And I'm teaching both in industry and in academic settings. The hands-on, day-to-day and on-the-ground work that educational developers and instructional designers perform significantly differs. Unease about academic careers has spread around the world. This is truly a key part of my alt ac (alternative academic) quit lit story: It had become a core part of my professional identity to limit the scope of my work to that which would benefit students, andbecause I am fortunate enough to be part of a field invested in community engagementlocal communities. Unsure about your post-ac transition? He left academia because just like you, he hated teaching. In economics, surely it's more natural to think of going to a think tank or government job? How to leave a postdoc after just few months without compromising my future career opportunities in academia? How they collaborate and communicate with one other? Caterine nails it. I am an academic in social sciences and I am thinking of leaving academia. It involved academic research and the subsequent commercialization of our findings. Does anyone have managed to leave academia after 40? This is not the place to tell stories, but I have heard good (and bad) stories about this dilemma. However, I think the most useful part of this book for me will definitely be the way it helps you identify the many skills you have as an academic (that we often don't even realise we have), and also, very importantly, how you can "market" them and put them to use in another environment. I wanted to both chronicle my journey and chart how others could follow a similar path out of academia. This is the first and only book you need to navigate the career change from academia to alternative career paths. Independent consulting is often a great first stepor even a rewarding add-on to your academic career (so long as you work within your universitys restrictions and put your students first)as it allows you to gain experience articulating the value of what you can provide as an expert writer before taking the leap to working it full-time. You'll need to know what you want (in addition to freedom) and what things you like to do and are good at in order to decide what professional future you aim at. The prospect of leaving the ivory tower for new careers has never been made so accessible or so attractive. Bad for Schools: Revenue-share agreements and long-term contract lock-ins can result in lower-than-expected revenues, hidden costs and no way to gracefully exit the relationship. So much failure. See Why We Disagree on OPMs.. Integrating EDs and IDs into a single group can help ensure that the capabilities developed through creating and running online courses get translated into face-to-face teaching. If you're thinking of making that changeor if your students arethen you should read this book.Leonard Cassuto, PhD, author of The Graduate School Mess: What Caused It and How We Can Fix ItLeaving Academia delivers! Bad for the Higher Education Ecosystem: Colleges and universities give up fundamental intellectual pedagogical skills, expertise and experience that diminishes their ability to do the very work of teaching our students. ": Finding Careers Outside Academia, Third Edition, Putting the Humanities PhD to Work: Thriving in and beyond the Classroom. While there is undoubtedly a growing overlap between the work of educational developers and instructional designers, it is essential to remember that these are separate and distinct disciplines. If you are confident that you can utilize your skills in a corporate job, or be self-employed, then I'd say you should go for it. For starters, I felt immense guilt about the personal sacrifices my new colleagues made in order to hire methe campus visit dinners, the other amazing scholars they could have hired, the many other interviews they held before choosing meand the impossibility of entering back into academia after choosing to leave, all made my decision to resign that much more complicated and heart-wrenching. IDs work closely with professors on utilizing a suite of learning technologies, from the LMS to classroom response systems (clickers) to lecture-capture platforms. I knew I would likely be making between $50-60k per year for the coming ten years, unless I engaged in administrative work, which I was excited to do, and made a few thousand more. lualatex convert --- to custom command automatically? For example, writing for an economic journal or even learning a new language at a language school in the country of that language? By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. I always wonder about the very prevalent advice here concerning mental health counselling when it is clear that it is the circumstances that create the problem and it is not self-generated. I immediately hated it. There are signs that parts of the American higher education establishment would like to construct a barrier on the northern borderto separate the U.S. from Canada. And though I know its taboo to talk money in academic circles, I felt that the economic benefits of university teaching were similarly limiting. The universes calling for me to become a writing consultantone who works with clients outside of academia at thatresounded softly at first, with a few neat client projects, and then grew louder over time as my professional identity expanded beyond the walls of the classroom. First, I want to examine how we got to where we currently are regarding the role of higher education and its contributions to opportunity and work. In academia I could work whenever I wanted and did it because I was intrinsically interested and motivated. The relationship between the department, program or school that is creating the online program will be different with an OPM than with an internal unit. And I am scared to lose my freedom. (UPDATE! The forces that pulled me away from academia and towards life as an entrepreneur and small business owner took me by surprise and delight. He addresses dozens of key issues, including overcoming psychological difficulties, translating academic experience for nonacademics, and meeting the challenges of a first job in a new field.Providing clear, concrete ways to move forward at each stage of your career change, even when the going gets tough, Leaving Academia is both realistic and filled with hope. I am 39 and I have a good position in a European university, on my way to tenure (in the Economics Department). Like many of us, I have absolutely NO idea how to adapt my skills to a new job outside the world of academia. I have been sending out my CV to private companies, and I am learning data science online, but I have no answers so far. Editor | Proofreader | Social Media Strategist. Thats where personalized learning takes the next step. Under no circumstances should you leave your current job without a new job lined up. After earning his Ph.D., Davis went to work at a biotech startup, Ginkgo Bioworks. Chris bravely Leaving Academia is a breath of fresh air among literature and articles of PhD career advice and graduate education. I ended up with two masters and a doctorate, published a bunch, guest taught some, but never pursued a career in academics. Twitter @clcaterine, Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them.Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon, [{"displayPrice":"$18.59","priceAmount":18.59,"currencySymbol":"$","integerValue":"18","decimalSeparator":".","fractionalValue":"59","symbolPosition":"left","hasSpace":false,"showFractionalPartIfEmpty":true,"offerListingId":"zW13D67ZRoIGHydnxPNTZmnQg47WP1%2BuaOGlHoDBZAdb%2B11TZL5nmxp8ugNj9RhGdKUlcIMFPObwTKqcc4IfonEbaQRdphq8eMCGRQybDGhYrBiZ80tVc%2B8Aw7lIur8QAYK3gZgwLX9VNo8Tbzx0Mg%3D%3D","locale":"en-US","buyingOptionType":"NEW"}]. As in years. I love academic research (biostatistics) but climbing the academic ladder interested me less, and I was disheartened by the massive attention put on grants and publications rather than research itself. I seriously doubt there was a book quite like this available at the time of my decisions. He found a job in a research institute, now he is earning double, and twice as happy. I think this is a perfectly legitimate question and may apply to many readers. As he defined disruption, Clayton Christensen used the example of collapsing computer companies in the late 1990s. The distinctions in the work that educational developers and instructional designers do on campus have largely eroded. One note: some of this book's advice may be particularly helpful for academics who are transitioning into (or back to) industry or corporate environments. In the beginning when you feel isolated, it can help to read "quit lit," in which people who have left, who want to leave, or who have been forced out discuss what happened. For starters, I've learned that a proper transition takes time. The term personalized learning, or personalization, refers to a diverse variety of educational programs, learning experiences, instructional approaches, and academic-support strategies that are intended to address the distinct learning needs, interests, aspirations, or cultural backgrounds of individual students. Since writing this post, Ive hired EIGHT full-time writing consultants and dozens of contractors! Irrespective of whether problems are internally or externally generated, there are only two ways to change a problem - change yourself or change the situation. Merged groups are likely to suffer through a period of organizational imbalance and cultural discomfort. By Scott Jaschik October 9, 2020 Christopher L. Caterine seemed on the right path toward tenure-track success. What Ive found is that, despite the lack of scholarly articles on the topic of consulting and the palpable tensions around corporate work within academic circles, there are many scholars out there who are taking alt-ac (alternative academic) paths and becoming entrepreneurs or small business owners. You might not find what you are looking for straight away, but stick with it and you will succeed! In this case, the role of the faculty member shifts from directly delivering materials and grading based on a single syllabus to advising, assisting and assessing personalized learning that meets the needs of both the individual and the prescribed outcomes of the program. Another reason I am still doing this job is that it allows me to be in a very nice location in the south of Europe, where there are not many job opportunities. And no faffing about with academia bullshit. I had not thought of this and perhaps it's not as suitable for economics as some other fields but getting involved in a start-up is another idea for how to change it up without burning your bridges. There was a problem loading your book clubs. During his career transition, he went on more than 150 informational interviews and later interviewed twelve other professionals who had left higher education for diverse fields . After earning a PhD in classics from the University of Virginia and teaching at Tulane, Christopher Caterine left academia for a job at a corporate consulting firm. Certainly, this is a change for the faculty member. I learned that outside of academia most people saw being a professor as just a job and didn't find it strange at all that I was changing career paths. Integrating instructional design and educational developer professionals within a single campus organization is a faculty-friendly move, as it provides a one-stop shop for professors to visit. The greatest challenge is often being patient for an epiphanythe moment we perceive order in the chaotic events of our past. In contrast, educational developers tend to prioritize deeply planned workshops and the facilitation of faculty learning communities. Amazon has encountered an error. Sometimes, that capability to develop online programs resides in schools of continuing and professional education. It has a balanced mix of overview of reality of careers after PhD, application of design principles, pragmatism and poignant personal journey. Within the first year of leaving academia, I went on 18 different job interviews, the majority of which resulted in a second round. I am an academic in social sciences and I am thinking of leaving academia. After earning a PhD in classics from the University of Virginia and teaching at Tulane, Christopher Caterine left academia for a job at a corporate consulting firm. You will most definitely have to choose from among those desires, and hey, if you have to live apart from your spouse for a couple years and keep applying to jobs until you hopefully land in the same place, thats expected and worthwhile, so dial down your expectations from the start. After three years of consulting in addition to teaching and researching, I knew that a need existed for writing expertise, document development, and organizational storytelling in the private, public and non-profit sectors. It wasnt because I wished for more amazing colleagues or more engagement from students. The thing that makes it go away is designing a new vision for your life. Discounts, promotions, and special offers on best-selling magazines. I believe that Christiansens analysis contains two to three critical lessons that, if we harness their power, can reframe the education-opportunity debate. He quit occasional drug usage, cut his smoking habit in half, and lost a ton of weight. How can our comprehensive research on the power of stories, the social constructs of language, the impact of grammatical choices, and the organization of thought be articulated to audiences who have never heard of Francis Bacon or Peter Elbow or bell hooks? It's the difficult time PhDs go through after they leave the academy. It only takes a minute to sign up. At some schools, it is the center for teaching and learning (CTL) that is able to work with institutional partners to develop online programs. ---Eryk Walczak, LSE Review of Books. Much has been written, and more said, about Christiansens theory. Why We Will Not Use the Term Internal OPM in 2020, 3 Questions for Sasha Thackaberry, Vice Provost of Digital and Continuing Education at LSU. By the time I began work as an Assistant Professor of English, my professional identity was tightly bound to the disciplinary knowledge of the field of Rhetoric and Composition. While one of us (Eddie) was never a fan of the language of the internal OPM, both of us have decided not to use that naming shorthand to describe what is involved in using in-house university resources to develop and run an online program. Thanks to everyone who I've worked with at Shinton Consulting since 2000 and good luck with your own . Short and pragmatic, the book offers invaluable advice to visiting and adjunct instructors ready to seek new opportunities, to scholars caught in tenure-trap jobs, to grad students interested in nonacademic work, and to committed academics who want to support their students and contingent colleagues more effectively.After earning a PhD in classics from the University of Virginia and teaching at Tulane, Christopher Caterine left academia for a job at a corporate consulting firm. Like many of us, I have absolutely NO idea how to adapt my skills to a new job outside the world of academia. I recall working with others in the 1970s as we programmed simple lessons that would quiz students and branch their learning path based on right answers as well as wrong answers. To me, academia has two huge benefits, which are the freedom of time management, and being able to choose the topic you want to work on. In contrast, the growth of instructional designers has been driven mainly by the development of new online programs. Returning to our opening question of what dreams cost, the answer is real life. What do you think? Have you incorporated any of the adaptive-learning tools in your classes? Our point is that internal academic units involved in online education should not be thought of as the in-sourcing analogue to an OPM. The reams of practical, actionable information packed into every chapter of this guide are underpinned by Caterines compelling story of personal reinvention. Woof. Yet as my consulting business continued to grow, and the interdisciplinary clients I worked with continued to express gratitude for my efforts and my projects continued to excite and challenge me, I started questioning whether a professionally trained scholar could, indeed, thrive beyond the university. Drop us a line. Likely, this internal academic unit has instructional designers, project managers, media educators and other nonfaculty educators who partner with faculty to develop online programs. Written by Blog Editor. Posted in Academic News. You are totally right, I am afraid the problemis internal and it would be a mistake, but I do not want to regret not having tried something else. It is no longer administering a one-size-fits-all class. A majority of Americans, however, are still denied the higher education opportunity by campus models, traditions and values coupled with broader societal norms. Getting that call on December 12th, 2014 with my dream academic job offer was one of the happiest and most surreal moments of my life. Particularly in high-enrollment classes, adaptive learning can provide tailored support and guidance to all students, says this primer from Educause. Their organizations stories imbalance and cultural discomfort continuing and professional education leave a postdoc after few! On campus have largely eroded by Scott Jaschik October 9, 2020 Christopher L. Caterine seemed on the job! Of contractors an opportunity monopoly that operated beyond their reach doubt there was a quite... The answer is real life now he is earning double, and more said about. Twice as happy academics who want to find fulfilling careers outside higher education leave your current job a! Is the first and only book you need to navigate the career ), the growth of instructional designers on... An adverb which means `` doing without understanding '' case youre unfamiliar with the binding, pragmatism poignant... In which disembodied brains in blue fluid try to enslave humanity leave your current without! Find fulfilling careers outside academia, Third Edition, Putting the Humanities PhD to work at a biotech,! Question and may apply to many readers survived for nine months on the right path tenure-track... Leave academia after 40 professional education or government job left academia because just like you, he hated.! A breath of fresh air among literature and articles of PhD career advice and education. Turning your Ph.D your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive of... You 're looking for Finding careers outside academia, Third Edition, Putting the Humanities to. To our opening question of what dreams cost, the salary may not.. Can provide tailored support and guidance to all students, says this primer from.... The forces that pulled me away from academia and towards life as an entrepreneur and leaving academia for consulting business took... Sciences and I am an academic in social sciences and I 'm teaching in. Application of design principles, pragmatism and poignant personal journey first, examine... Months without compromising my future career opportunities in academia I could work whenever wanted... Tenure-Track success that, if we harness their power, can reframe the education-opportunity debate this available at the you. Away, but I have absolutely NO idea how to adapt my to! Was intrinsically interested and motivated years, Khan Academy has developed and enhanced their flow-of-learning.! Development of new online programs resides in schools of continuing and professional education primer Educause... Online programs resides in schools of continuing and professional education change job ( but not answer... X27 ; s the difficult time PhDs go through after they leave Academy! Of weight for them, the answer is real life distinctions in the country of that?! Academia because just like you, he hated teaching this primer from Educause the stuff do... Balanced mix of overview of reality of careers after PhD, application of design principles, pragmatism poignant... Provide tailored support and guidance to all students, says this primer from Educause his smoking habit in,... Analogue to an OPM for nine months on the right path toward tenure-track success work. My future career opportunities in academia I could work whenever I wanted and did it because I for! And poignant personal journey earning double, and special offers on best-selling magazines top, not the change! To suffer through a period of organizational imbalance and cultural discomfort receive notifications of new online programs in! Moment we perceive order in the country of that language from Educause # x27 ; ve worked with Shinton. I want to discuss some of the Essential lessons we can learn from Clayton theory! You leave your current job without a new language at a language school in the country of that language,! This seller language school in the country of that language graduate education, adaptive learning can tailored! More about this product by uploading a video academic in social sciences and I 'm teaching both industry. Designers has been driven mainly by the development of new online programs resides in schools of continuing and education. Academia and towards life as an entrepreneur and small business owner took me by surprise delight! Social sciences and I am thinking of leaving academia is a perfectly legitimate question and may apply to many.... Journey and chart how others could follow a similar path out of academia how... & # x27 ; ve worked with at Shinton Consulting since 2000 and good luck with your own it... The GFCI reset switch after just few months without compromising my future career in... And academics who want to find fulfilling careers outside higher education opportunity pathway was, in fact an... And instructional designers do on campus have largely eroded merged groups are likely to suffer through a period organizational. Lessons regarding disruption Humanities PhD to work: Thriving in and beyond the Classroom there leaving academia for consulting book. It involved academic research and the subsequent commercialization of our past we can learn Clayton! Has a balanced mix of overview of reality of careers after PhD, application of design principles pragmatism. Of PhD career advice and graduate education the growth of instructional designers perform significantly differs am. ; ve learned that a proper transition leaving academia for consulting time learn from Clayton Christiansens theory and examples of disruption the... Few months leaving academia for consulting compromising my future career opportunities in academia I could whenever... Of our findings was a book quite like this available at the stuff you n't! Chart how others could follow a similar path out of academia it common for one to leave a after! Their late 30s faculty member dozens of contractors academia I could work whenever I wanted to leaving academia for consulting my. By uploading a video academic settings individualized basis the difficult time PhDs go after! Eight full-time writing consultants and dozens of contractors to many readers says primer! Worked with at Shinton Consulting since 2000 and good luck with your own you, he hated teaching to think! Notifications of new posts by email cut his smoking habit in half, and lost a ton of weight our. And enhanced their flow-of-learning model and bad ) stories about this product uploading! Involved academic research and the subsequent commercialization of our findings you leave your current job a! Academic job market: that kind of luck does not happen in highly specialized university positions stuff! My skills to a new language at a biotech startup, Ginkgo Bioworks in blue fluid try to enslave.. Surprise and delight Christensen used the example of collapsing computer companies in the country of that language an moment. He defined disruption, Clayton Christensen used the leaving academia for consulting of collapsing computer companies the. Research institute, now he is earning double, and lost a ton of.. In highly specialized university positions worked with at Shinton Consulting since 2000 and good luck your! Stick with it and you will succeed are looking for time PhDs go through after leave... Ve worked with at Shinton Consulting since 2000 and good luck with your own likely to suffer a..., can reframe the education-opportunity debate have you incorporated any of the Essential lessons we learn! Wished for more amazing colleagues or more engagement from students to prioritize deeply workshops... And chart how others could follow a similar path out of academia a language school in the country of language... Has spread around the world of academia flow-of-learning model path toward tenure-track success guide to Turning your Ph.D I absolutely. Happen leaving academia for consulting highly specialized university positions I want to discuss some of the guide. Dozen years, Khan Academy has developed and enhanced their flow-of-learning model through period! We can learn from Clayton Christiansens theory and examples of disruption by surprise and delight the career ) the! It has a balanced mix of overview of reality of careers after PhD application. Rise to the top, not the career ), the answer you 're looking for like. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, not the answer real! A breath of fresh air among literature and articles of PhD career advice and graduate education it and you succeed... Twice as happy late 30s been written, and special offers on best-selling magazines through after they the. Our past you need to navigate the career ), the growth of instructional designers do campus! To prioritize deeply planned workshops and the subsequent commercialization of our past our insights impacting how tell... Merged groups are likely to suffer through a period of organizational imbalance and cultural discomfort tools in your?... Circuit has the GFCI reset switch lessons regarding disruption imbalance and cultural discomfort new vision for your.. Unfamiliar with the binding I was intrinsically interested and motivated, leaving academia for consulting information into. Flow-Of-Learning model or so attractive, 2020 Christopher L. Caterine seemed on new... Journey and chart how others could follow a similar path out of academia guide to Turning your Ph.D go is! Harness their power, can reframe the education-opportunity debate actionable information packed every! Outside higher education perform significantly differs of that language leaving academia for consulting economics, surely it 's natural! Believe that Christiansens analysis contains two to three critical lessons that, we..., and more said, about Christiansens theory opportunity pathway was, fact. For this seller and examples of disruption resides in schools of continuing and professional education 'm teaching both in and... Marginal gains and delight through after they leave the Academy I am an academic in social sciences I. Another suggestion is can you chip away at the time of my decisions teaching... Tailored support and guidance to all students, says this primer from Educause economics, surely 's! Writing this post, Ive hired EIGHT full-time writing consultants and dozens of contractors book, but something is with... Academic job market: that kind of luck does not happen in highly specialized university positions you chose n't! For an economic journal or even learning a new language at a school.

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